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The main etiologic factor of periodontitis is oral biofilm comprising of various microorganisms. Studies have shown that there is considerable potential for intervention with the host immune system. Periodontal vaccination is indicated in patients with severe periodontal disease with advanced bone loss. Immunization can be brought about by both whole bacterial cells or one or more of its antigenic components. However, complexity of periodontal pathogenic flora poses a complication in the determination of antigen for the vaccine. Numerous invitro studies and animal studies have proved beyond doubt the efficacy periodontal vaccination. The challenge we face today is the translation of similar results in humans.