The  objective of the study was to obtain the combination of sucrose and kinetin concentration reducted in the best effect on Dendrobium explant. This research was conducted in laboratory of tissues culture in Balai Benih Induk Dinas Pertanian and Peternakan Provinsi Riau Pekanbaru from April to June 2015. The experiment was designed using completely randomized design (CRD), factorial consisting of two factors with three replications, the first factor was sucrose with four level respectively 0, 25, 50,75 g L-1 medium. The second factor was kinetin with four  level : 0, 0,1, 1,0, 10 mg L-1. The optimum interaction between effect of sucrose and kinetin for percentage of life explants, age bud formation, percentage of explant forming buds, the number of shoot, a percentage of explant producing root  was 50 g L-1 sucrose and 1,0 mg L-1  kinetin.  Application of sucrose significantly effect age of bud formation, percentage of explant forming buds, number of shoot, shoots high, percentage of explant producing  root, number of root, root high, root and shoot ratio (T/R Ratio). Sucrose at 50 g L-1 medium being the best consentration and Kinetin 1,0 mg L-1   being the best consentration.

Conservation is an effort to return natural resources to their habitat to restore the ecosystem balance, which can be done in-situ and ex-situ. Coelogyne rochussenii orchid conservation efforts are essential to maintain its sustainability. The purpose of this study was to characterize C. rochussenii orchids from Bukit Rimbang and Bukit Baling Wildlife Sanctuary as a source of tissue culture explants to support ex-situ conservation efforts. Orchid plant samples were obtained through exploration in three locations with an altitude of 92 masl, and then the characterization of leaf morphology, pseudobulbs, roots, and fruit were carried out. The characterization results showed that the young pseudobulbs, young leaves, healthy roots, and physiologically ripe fruits of the C. rochussenii orchids obtained could be used as a source of explants to support ex-situ conservation efforts.Keywords: ex-situ conservation, physiologically mature, young pseudobulbs

The study aimed to understand how farmers perceive seasonal climate events (SCE) and assess the impact on farming and how farmers' attitudes and efforts to adapt in dealing with SCE. This study was conducted in Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia, in August -December 2020. Total of 297 farmers was selected purposively to be interviewed. Descriptive statistics analysis was used to analyze socio-demographics, farm characteristics, the impact of SCE on rice production, and farmers' responses in adapting to SCE as an effect of climate change. Friedman's test was used to analyzed the importance of climate over other non-climate-related stressors. Ordinal regression analysis was performed for the determination of possible association of farmers' sociodemographics and farm characteristics to the perceived extent of SCE impact. Flood was the climatic factor that most often caused rice production failure. Farming experience, education, gender, farm size, cultivation period, rice varieties, land management, fertilization, rice field type, and farming purpose have a significant effect on farmers' perceptions of SCE impact. Adjusting the planting season, the use of chemical fertilizers, and controlling pests and diseases were the most dominant responses by farmers in dealing with SCE. Implications: The availability of weather information must be done massively, induction of flood-tolerant varieties needs to be carried out, female farmers with higher education and long experience in farming can be used as cadres as extension officers to farmer groups, planting twice a year was an option to increase rice production, the number of farmers get assistance from extension officers could be increased.

The Dendrobium Sonia orchid is a hybrid orchid that has a high selling value. Therefore, efforts should be carried out to improve technology to reproduce and regenerate Dendrobium Sonia orchids. The objective of this study was to determine the best concentration of Potassium Dihydrogen Phospate (KH2PO4) and Kinetin for the growth of Dendrobium Sonia somatic embryos. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors consisting of 3 treatments namely medium without KH2PO4, KH2PO4 160 mgL-1, KH2PO4 170 mgL-1, KH2PO4 180 mgL-1, and without Kinetin, Kinetin 0,5 mgL-1, Kinetin 1 mgL-1, Kinetin 1,5 mgL-1. Parameters observed in this study were number of leaves, leaf length, and wet weight of plantlets. The data were analyzed by using The Analysis of Variance and further tested using Tukey Multiple Range Test (Tukey Test) (P=0.05). The results showed that KH2PO4 170 mgL-1 was the best concentration for multiplication of Dendrobium Sonia as shown by the parameters the diameters of number of leaves (4,41 sheet), leaf length (1,16 cm), and wet weight of plantlets (0,10 mg) and Kinetin 1 mgL-1 was the best concentration for multiplication of Dendrobium Sonia as shown by the parameters the diameters of number of leaves (4,05 sheet), leaf length (0,97 cm), and wet weight of plantlets (0,09 mg). By interaction, the addition of various concentrations of KH2PO4 and Kinetin significantly affected the number of leaves with the best treatment adding KH2PO4 160 mgL-1 and Kinetin 1 mgL-1 MS with an average leaf number of 4.99 strands.

Rooting induction is a very important stage in in-vitro for the anticipation of the extinction, In this paper, the rooting induction of embryo somatic dendrobium species from Riau Province Indonesia is studied using different sucrose concentrations (0 g L-1; 25 g L-1; 50 g L-1; 75 g L-1), and Kinetin (0 mg L-1; 0,1 mg L-1; 1,0 mg L-1; 10 mg L-1), in a modified MS medium containing half the regular concentration of macronutrients at pH 5.6, with 50 g L-1 sucrose and 1,0 mg L-1  kinetin was optimal for a percentage of explant producing root, a number of roots, root high, root and shoot ratio  (T/R Ratio).