The first case of a simultaneous retrocaval ureter and retroperitoneal fibrosis of the right ureter is presented. The diagnosis was made roentgenographically on the basis of the S-shaped course of the proximal right ureter and medial deviation of the tapered and obstructed mid ureteral segment. This was confirmed by exploration of the right ureter and retroperitoneal biopsy. The surgical treatment of this unusual entity is described.

Uveitis can be defined as any inflammation affecting the uveal tract, although in clinical practice this term includes any intraocular inflammatory event. The etiology of this inflammation can be related to an endogenous mechanism in the clinical course of a systemic disease (sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, multiple sclerosis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, etc.), or an isolated ocular entity. Sometimes, ocular inflammation is the initial manifestation of an undiagnosed systemic disease. On the other hand, ocular involvement could be the main cause of morbidity of the disease, and early diagnosis and treatment is an important issue in order to avoid irreversible ocular damage. In this article, the authors review some relevant clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic topics related to the most common non-infectious systemic diseases associated with uveitis.

RESUMENObjetivo: Estudiar a partir de 3 casos las caracterís-ticas clínicas y radiológicas del meningocele, meningioma y glioma del nervio óptico (NO) para discutir su diagnóstico diferencial así como su enfoque terapéutico. Método: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de tres pacientes afectos de las patologías anteriormente mencionadas que fueron estudiados en nuestro servicio, y se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento actual de estas entidades. Resultados: El diagnóstico diferencial debe basarse en un amplio abanico de aspectos: edad, raza, sexo y frecuencia de la tumoración como factores epidemiológicos a tener en cuenta. Clínicamente los pilares fundamentales son: agudeza visual (AV), campimetría, exoftalmometría Hertel y funduscopia, que nos servirán para controlar la evolución del proceso. Las características radiológicas que nos aportan la resonancia magnética (RM) y la tomografía computerizada (TC) como técnicas de elección nos ayudan a diferenciar un cuadro de otro. En raras ocasiones hay que recurrir al estudio anatomopatológico para confirmar la entidad. Las opciones terapéuticas son observación, cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia en función de las características del caso. ABSTRACTPurpose: After studying 3 clinical cases, we have reviewed the clinical and radiological characteristics of meningocele, meningioma and optic nerve glioma. The differential diagnosis and therapeutic management are also discussed. Methods: Review of three clinical reports of three patients seen in our unit and a bibliographic search concerning the diagnosis and therapeutic management of these three entities at the present time. Results: Differential diagnosis has to be based on a wide range of parameters: epidemiologic (age, race, sex, prevalence of the tumors), clinical (visual acuity, perimetry, Hertel exophthalmometry and funduscopy) and radiologic (computed tomography and magnetic resonance). Anatomopathologic study is required only rarely. The therapeutic options are: observation, surgery and radiotherapy. Conclusion: A correct differential diagnosis is mandatory to be able to individualize the treatment for each entity (Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2009; 84: 563-568).

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