a b s t r a c tUsing automatic bedform mapping, principal component analysis and clustering we present a multiscale morphodynamic survey of dunes and meter-scale ripples on Herschel crater, Mars. The main purpose of this study is to assess if the morphology and temporal evolution of Martian meter-scale ripples is comparable to the morphodynamic characteristics of terrestrial aeolian impact ripples.We demonstrate that the spatial variations of the mapped dune patterns are correlated with substrate topography, which also influences the spatial distribution of the height and celerity of dunes' slipfaces. This topographic forcing is also patent on the spatial distribution of the ripples, thus proving that a multiscale coupling of active bedforms exists on Herschel under the present surface conditions.We found that Martian meter-scale ripples are morphologically distinct from terrestrial aeolian ripples, presenting a lower degree of straightness. Only $3% of the mapped ripples can be considered sinuous or straight bedforms. Moreover, we conclude that this two-dimensional sub-population is restricted to well define dune settings, where factors that promote the elongation of the meter-scale ripples were identified: gravity transport on higher slopes, bedform obliquity and flow convergence on the leeward side of dunes. We also report that the different sets of ripples that were mapped and segmented do not present a transverse migration. Therefore we conclude that terrestrial aeolian ripples are not good analogues for Martian meter-scale bedforms, either in terms of morphology or dynamic evolution.

RESUMO O interesse político das autarquias locais em torno do desporto não é recente. Todavia, a sua imposição como um "direito de todos" tanto a nível dos textos e documentos internacionais como nacionais rondará as quatro décadas. Ignorar a sua importância é, pois, contradizer os interesses, necessidades e expectativas das populações, assim como, o interesse público que lhe está subjacente. É nosso propósito investigar o interesse, a promoção e a operacionalização das políticas públicas, os programas e as medidas de acção por parte do poder local no desporto. A amostra contemplará os municípios da Área Metropolitana do Porto. Metodologicamente, recorreremos a entrevistas e análise documental de fontes diversas. Os resultados terão por base a análise de conteúdo, a estatística descritiva e a interpretação jurídica e, na sua discussão, atenderemos a dissertações na área, à doutrina e à jurisprudência. Por fim, apontaremos as principais conclusões e recomendações. Palavras-chave: políticas públicas desportivas, autarquias, actividade física e desportiva ABSTRACT Public sportive policies: assessment of the performance and effectiveness in the municipalities belonging to the Metropolitan Area of PortoThe political interest of local autarchies around sports isn't recent. Nevertheless, it's imposition as a "right to everyone" either in the international subjects or in a national level, goes round four decades. Ignoring its importance it's to contradict the population's interests, needs and expectations, as well as its underlying public interest. It's our purpose to investigate the interest, promotion and operative skills of public policies, the programs and the action measures of local power concerning sports. The sample will contemplate the municipalities of the Metropolitan area of Porto. Methodologically speaking, we will use interviews and documental analysis of several sources. The result will have as basis the content's analysis, the descriptive statistics and the legal interpretation and, in its discussion, we will attend the dissertations in the area, the principles and the jurisprudence. At last we will point out our main conclusions and recommendations.

A method that enables the automated mapping and characterization of dune fields on Mars is described. Using CTX image mosaics, the introduced Object-based Dune Analysis (OBDA) technique produces an objective and reproducible mapping of dune morphologies over extensive areas. The data set thus obtained integrates a large variety of data, allowing a simple cross-analysis of dune patterns, spectral and morphometric information, and mesoscale wind models. Two dune fields, located in Gale crater and Ganges Chasma, were used to test and validate the methodology. The segmentation of dune-related morphologies is highly efficient, reaching overall accuracies of 95%. In addition, we show that the automated segmentation of slipface traces is also possible with expected accuracies of 85-90%. A qualitative and quantitative comparison of the final outputs with photointerpretations is performed, and the precision of the directional characterization of the dune patterns is evaluated. We demonstrate a good agreement between the OBDA outputs and the photointerpreted dune morphologies, with local trend deviations below 45°f or 80-95% of the mapped areas. Because the developed algorithm is tuned for the recognition of linear features from the imagery, the slipfaces of small barchans can be preferentially overlooked owing to their small extent at the spatial resolution of the CTX mosaics. Dune types composed of longer linear morphologies are much better represented, including correct mapping of secondary structures. Having proved the effectiveness and accuracy of the mapping procedure, we discuss its future applications for the improvement of dune catalogs on Mars.

Context. Interest has been growing among the scientific community with respect to the stellar parameters of M dwarfs in recent years, with potential applications ranging from galactic characterization to exoplanet detection. Aims. The main motivation for this work is to develop an alternative and objective method for deriving stellar parameters for M dwarfs using the H-band spectra provided by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). Methods. We took synthetic spectra generated with iSpec, Turbospectrum, MARCS model atmospheres, along with a custom line list that includes over 1 000 000 water lines, and we compared the data to APOGEE observations, with parameters that were determined through χ2 minimization. Results. We present spectroscopic parameters (Teff, [M/H], log g, vmic) for a sample of 313 M dwarfs obtained from their APOGEE H-band spectra. The generated synthetic spectra reproduce observed spectra to a high level of accuracy. The impact of the spectra normalization on the results are analyzed as well. Conclusions. We compared our output parameters with those obtained with the APOGEE Stellar Parameter and Chemical Abundances Pipeline for the same stellar spectrum and we find that the values agree within the expected uncertainties. Comparisons with other previous near-infrared and optical data from the literature are also available, with median differences within our estimated uncertainties found in most cases. Here, we explore possible reasons for these differences. The full H-band line list, the line selection for the synthesis, and the synthesized spectra are available for download, along with the calculated stellar parameters.