O SARS-CoV-2 é causador da doença infecciosa COVID-19. A infecção estimula o sistema imunológico a produzir citocinas próinflamatórias. A principal citocina envolvida é a IL-6, e está ligada à gravidade da doença. Devido à associação dos altos níveis de IL-6 com a mortalidade na COVID-19, investiga-se sobre o uso de tocilizumabe (TCZ), um anticorpo monoclonal humanizado antirreceptor de IL-6 humana. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é avaliar a eficácia do uso do TCZ em pacientes com COVID-19 grave. As buscas foram feitas através das bases de dados Science Direct e PubMed em setembro de 2021. Foram incluídos os ensaios clínicos randomizados com pacientes em um único estágio de COVID-19, casos graves e sem restrição de idade, os quais receberam o TCZ como medicação de intervenção combinado a tratamentos protocolados por cada hospital e associado a corticosteroides. A análise desses estudos demonstrou resultados significantes sobre o uso de TCZ em casos severos de COVID-19. O uso de TCZ associado a glicocorticoides levou a uma redução no índice de mortalidade e de submissão a ventilações mecânicas e a uma melhora expressiva em relação à escala "WHO-endorsed 7-point ordinal scale". Entretanto, não houve melhora relevante quanto ao uso do TCZ de maneira isolada.Descritores: COVID-19, anticorpos monoclonais, Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica. SARS-CoV-2 causes the COVID-19 infectious disease that affects the respiratory tract. From the beginning of the infection, the immune system starts to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The main cytokine involved is IL-6 and is linked to the severity and prognosis of the disease, as it provokes a storm of cytokines and severe inflammatory responses. Due to the association of high levels of IL-6 with severity and mortality in COVID-19, the use of Tocilizumab (TCZ), a humanized anti-human IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, which binds to IL receptors, is being investigated. -6 and blocks intracellular signaling reducing cytokine storm and hyperinflammatory state. The aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of using TCZ in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. Searches were performed using the Science Direct and PubMed databases in May 2021. Randomized clinical trials with patients in a single stage of COVID-19, severe cases and without age restriction, who received TCZ as medication for treatment, were included. Intervention was combined with treatments protocoled by each hospital and associated with corticosteroids. The analysis of these studies showed significant results regarding the use of TCZ in severe cases of COVID-19. The use of TCZ associated with glucocorticoids led to a reduction in the rate of mortality and compliance with mechanical ventilation and a significant improvement in relation to the "WHO-endorsed 7-point ordinal scale". However, there was no evidence of relevant improvement when using TCZ alone.
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