These outcomes are in line with theoretical notions regarding innovations in general and may be helpful in the implementation of other innovations in PGME. Given the substantial effects of innovations outside the strictly education-related domain, individuals designing and implementing innovations should consider all potential effects, including those identified in this study.

User perceptions of the effects of innovations in medical education can be typified and should be anticipated. This study's insights into five principal user perceptions can support the design and implementation of innovations in medical education.