We report the release of two pitaya (Hylocereus) cultivars, i.e., Hongguan No. 1 and Shuangse No. 1 pitayas with good quality, high self-pollination ability and long shelf life. Significant differences in stems, flowers, and fruit quality were detected among 'Hongguan No. 1', 'Shuangse No. 1', and their original line 'Hongshuijing'. Mature stems of 'Hongshuijing' were significantly thicker and its spine length was significantly longer than that of 'Hongguan No. 1' and 'Shuangse No. 1'. Compared with 'Hongshuijing', stigmas of 'Hongguan No. 1' and 'Shuangse No. 1' were lower than anthers. Fruitsetting rates by self-pollination were 83.7% ± 10.7% and 80.5% ± 9.5% for 'Hongguan No. 1' and 'Shuangse No. 1', respectively, which is significantly higher than that of 'Hongshuijing' (0%). 'Hongshuijing' and 'Hongguan No. 1' were red skin with red flesh whereas 'Shuangse No. 1' was red skin with red without and white within flesh. Heavier average fruit weight, better quality, and longer storage life of 'Hongguan No. 1' and 'Shuangse No. 1' were detected than those of 'Hongshuijing'. The two cultivars have a competitive advantage in the marketplace in terms of stronger self-pollination ability, larger fruit size, better quality, and longer storage life.

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