The objective was to identify you main types of infections related to health care and some types of prevention making a parallel with the trans pandemic period of COVID-19. It is a literature review, with a narrative, descriptive and reflective character, using different methodological resources to contemplate the proposed objectives. It is essential that there is a deep national discussion about what concrete action must be in the interest of the Brazilian State for the prevention of infections related to health care, especially in a pandemic context. The debate between the segments of government representation, health institutions, health workers and system users are an element key at resilience of those challenges.