substrates accounts for 90% of the total energy required for manufacturing OPV. [ 8 ] To achieve ITO-free and fully solutionprocessed organic solar cells, the choice and processing of the anode and cathode electrodes are two challenges which require different considerations. Solutionprocessed bottom electrodes based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), AgNW and metallic grid electrodes are constantly narrowing the gap to ITO. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The main challenge for fully solution-processed devices remains the combination of a bottom and a top electrode, because the very thin and/ or soft underlying layers have to resist the solution deposition of the top electrode. Recently, solution-processed graphene, [ 17 ] AgNW, [ 18 , -21 ] silver nanoparticles [ 22 ] and PEDOT:PSS [ 23,24 ] were investigated as transparent top electrodes for organic solar cells. However, devices with incorporation of these top electrodes suffered either from the inferior optoelectronic properties of the electrodes or their multi-transfer processing procedure. On the other hand, aesthetic (semi-)transparent solar cells with special applications in windows, foldable curtains, buildings and clothes, etc., have recently gained much scientifi c attention and are considered to be the highest priority market for OPV. [ 25 ] We report here on materials and processes for reliable and cost-effi cient processing of ITO-free semitransparent organic solar cells from solution. Fully solution-processed organic solar Organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells that can be simply processed from solution are in the focus of the academic and industrial community because of their enormous potential to reduce cost. One big challenge in developing a fully solution-processed OPV technology is the design of a well-performing electrode system, allowing the replacement of ITO. Several solution-processed electrode systems were already discussed, but none of them could match the performance of ITO. Here, we report effi cient ITO-free and fully solution-processed semitransparent inverted organic solar cells based on silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes. To demonstrate the potential of these AgNW electrodes, they were employed as both the bottom and top electrodes. Record devices achieved fi ll factors as high as 63.0%, which is comparable to ITO based reference devices. These results provide important progress for fully printed organic solar cells and indicate that ITO-free, transparent as well as non-transparent organic solar cells can indeed be fully solution-processed without losses.

The transfer from P3HT based fullerene free OPV lab cells with IDTBR as acceptor material to fully solution processed roll-to-roll compatible modules is reported.

We present a novel ternary organic solar cell with an uncommonly thick active layer (∼300 nm), featuring thickness invariant charge carrier recombination and delivering 11% power conversion efficiency (PCE).

One of the biggest challenges for the commercialization of polymer‐based and other printed photovoltaic (PV) technologies is to establish reliable up‐scaling processes that minimize the efficiency losses occurring during the transition from record laboratory cells to roll‐to‐roll (R2R) printed PV modules. This article reviews the latest advances in reducing the efficiency gap between record solar cells and large‐area organic PV modules. The major loss sources are identified for the most popular cell architectures and categorized into optical, electrical, and processing‐related contributions. Their relative shares in the overall efficiency drop are quantified through optical and electrical simulations. Further potential sources of efficiency loss, such as the replacement of halogenated by green solvents for active layer processing, are also addressed. Finally, the effect of reduced efficiency gaps on the production costs of R2R printed modules is discussed, demonstrating that values as low as € 0.5 Wp−1 (the nominal power of a solar module/cell) can be achieved.