The electrical impedance spectra of Jonathan apples exposed to different pressing force were measured in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz with an HP 4284A precision RLC meter. The apoplasmic resistance (Ra), the symplasmic resistance (Rs), and the Ra/Rs ratio were determined as a function of the force and the deformation. Below the bioyield deformation, there was no observable change in the value of Ra/Rs. Above the bioyield, the Ra/Rs ratio markedly decreased in consequence of the Ra decrease due to both the increased ion concentration in the apoplasmic part and the decrease of cell membrane resistance as a result of cell membrane rupture.
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