Results suggest ASR may partially mediate symptom presentation and cognitive dysfunction in the acute phase following blast-related mTBI. Future research is warranted.

A 2012 randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial (n5252) included in the 2018 meta-analysis above investigated the clinical recurrence of UTI and antibiotic resistance in postmenopausal women treated with 12 months of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) compared with Lactobacillus spp. 2 This trial was specifically summarized because of inclusion of an active control. Patients were postmenopausal women with history of at least three symptomatic UTIs in the preceding year. Women who were premenopausal and with asymptomatic UTIs were excluded. The first group received 480 mg of TMP-SMX every night (n5115), whereas the comparison group received twice daily 10 9 CFU of Lactobacillus for 12 months (n5123). After 12 months of prophylactic treatment, the Lactobacillus prophylaxis group did not significantly differ from the TMP-SMX group in recurrence of UTIs (clinical recurrence 2.9 vs 3.3; P..05). However, prophylaxis with TMP-SMX led to an increase in antibiotic resistance to TMP-SMX, trimethoprim, and amoxicillin to 80% in 95% of women, compared with no increase in antibiotic resistance with Lactobacillus prophylaxis.

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