We examine changing production relations in the Mexican tequila industry to explore the ways in which large industrial firms are using ''reverse leasing arrangements,'' a form of contract farming, to extend their control over small agave farmers. Under these arrangements, smallholders rent their parcels to contracting companies who bring in capital, machinery, labor, and other agricultural inputs. Smallholders do not have access to their land, nor do they make any of the management decisions. We analyze the factors that have led some producers to participate in reverse leasing arrangements, while allowing other producers to continue farming independently. In addition, we look at the ways in which farmers are responding to these new production relations and constraints and the strategies that they are using to regain control over the production process.
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Un análisis del concepto de desarrollo sustentable es fundamental para comprender la dinámica de las políticas actuales que deben conciliar los intereses conservacionistas con las demandas desarrollistas. Nuestro estudio analiza cómo los campesinos de una comunidad rural, que está situada en una Reserva de la Biosfera, perciben el cambio ambiental. El trabajo observa cómo las políticas impulsadas por el desarrollo globalizador van desestructurando progresivamente el universo de significados de los campesinos, de manera que entra en crisis su particular concepción del ciclo natural, productivo, y social, a la vez que se genera y ocasiona un rol de dependencia basado en la incomprensión e ignorancia de los agentes externos. El análisis nos conduce a discutir algunas ideas para la gestión de áreas naturales protegidas donde se tomen en cuenta todos los actores, intereses y concepciones implicadas para conseguir un desarrollo que sea sustentable a la vez que integrador y comunicativo.
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