Group 10 metal catalysts have shown much promise for the copolymerization of nonpolar with polar alkenes to directly generate functional materials, but access to high copolymer molecular weights nevertheless remains a key challenge toward practical applications in this field. In the context of identifying new strategies for molecular weight control, we report a series of highly polarized P(V)-P(III) chelating ligands that manifest unique space filling and electrostatic effects within the coordination sphere of single component Pd polymerization catalysts and exert important influences on (co)polymer molecular weights. Single component, cationic phosphonic diamide-phosphine (PDAP) Pd catalysts are competent to generate linear, functional polyethylenes with M up to ca. 2 × 10 g mol, significantly higher than prototypical catalysts in this field, and with polar content up to ca. 9 mol %. Functional groups are positioned by these catalysts almost exclusively along the main chain, not at chain ends or ends of branches, which mimics the microstructures of commercial linear low-density polyethylenes. Spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, and computational data indicate PDAP coordination to Pd manifests cationic yet electron-rich active species, which may correlate to their complementary catalytic properties versus privileged catalysts such as electrophilic α-diimine (Brookhart-type) or neutral phosphine-sulfonato (Drent-type) complexes. Though steric blocking within the catalyst coordination sphere has long been a reliable strategy for catalyst molecular weight control, data from this study suggest electronic control should be considered as a complementary concept less prone to suppression of comonomer enchainment that can occur with highly sterically congested catalysts.

This paper describes the use of a rotating all-mirror image derotator system, high-speed video and particle image velocimetry (PIV) to visualise and quantitatively examine the flow patterns between the blades of a centrifugal impeller. The flow field relative to the moving centrifugal impeller is presented

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Television pioneer John Logie Baird, a Scot from Helensburgh near Glasgow, described in his 1928 British patent No. 285,738 a honeycomb bundle of hollow metal tubes or thin solid rods of various types of glass. The tubes or rods were to be used for dissecting optical images in order to allow an ordered scanning of the dissected image pieces in a T.