Mainly in the context of global climate change the awareness of landslide hazards has risen considerably in most mountainous regions worldwide in the last years. National and regional hazard mapping programs were set up in many countries and most of the potentially endangered sites have been identified. Although exclusive geodetic and geotechnical instrumentation is available today, due to some economical reasons only few of the identified potentially risky landslides are monitored permanently. The intention of the alpEWAS research project is to develop and to test new techniques suitable for e‰cient and cost-e¤ective landslide monitoring. These techniques are combined in a geo sensor network with an enclosed geo data base and a developed software package to use the whole system for stakeholder information and early warning purposes. The core of the project is the development and testing of the three innovative measurement systems time domain reflectometry (TDR) for the detection of subsurface displacements in boreholes and reflectorless video tacheometry (VTPS) and a low cost GNSS sensor component for the determination of 3D surface movements. Essential experiences obtained during the project will be described.

Modern electronic tacheometers offer the possibility to capture kinematic processes in real time. In case when the kinematic process is observed with only one measurement system, we have no possibility to perform redundant observations that would enable the accuracy estimation of observations and computed values. The Kalman filter represents a method of advanced geodetic analysis and as such adjusts the redundant data in an optimum way. Incorporating a time component directly into a processing of terrestrial kinematic observations demands good knowledge about the procedure of processing kinematic terrestrial observations and the electronic tacheometer capabilities. For this purpose the developed model of Kalman filter for processing kinematic terrestrial observations-discrete Wiener process acceleration model-was tested on reference trajectory in the Geodetic Laboratory of the Technical University Munich.

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The technique of Image Assisted Total Stations (IATS) has been studied for over ten years and is composed of two major parts: one is the calibration procedure which combines the relationship between the camera system and the theodolite system; the other is the automatic target detection on the image by various methods of photogrammetry or computer vision. Several calibration methods have been developed, mostly using prototypes with an add-on camera rigidly mounted on the total station. However, these prototypes are not commercially available. This paper proposes a calibration method based on Leica MS50 which has two built-in cameras each with a resolution of 2560 × 1920

In context of global climate change and the continuous extension of settlement areas in the Alps, especially due to tourism, an increasing conflict can be observed between land use and natural hazard prevention. This also includes deep‐seated landslides, which can cause considerable damage to settlements and infrastructure when they occur and even endanger lives. The hazard potential of slow deep‐seated landslides has often been underestimated up till now. For economic reasons, such potentially dangerous instable slopes often are only monitored sporadically if at all. The alpEWAS project (“development and testing of an integrative 3D early warning system for instable alpine slopes”) is currently developing a low cost 3D monitoring and early warning system for landslides based on three innovative continuous measurement systems for underground and surface deformations: Time Domain Reflectometry, reflectorless video tacheometry and low cost global navigation satellite system. These are merged with other sensors, which monitor typical trigger mechanisms (e.g. precipitation), into a geo sensor network, providing remote online access to all data in near real time in a WebGIS environment. The alpEWAS system has been installed at the Aggenalm Landslide for a first field test. The experiences made there will be of great importance for the medium‐term goal: the development of a market‐ready, flexible and economic early warning system for landslides.