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This paper explores how digital competence is conceptualized in recent revisions in the curriculum for Swedish compulsory school. Four themes are identified based on a thematic content analysis of the revisions in the subject descriptions: use of digital tools and media, programming, critical awareness and responsibility. The distribution of the thematic revisions differs among the subjects, but the most dominating theme, permeating all the subjects, concerns the tool-oriented use of digital tools and media. This strong dominance of operational perspective tends to narrow the conceptualization compared to international definitions and frameworks of digital competence.

Sammanfattning”Läslyftet” är en statlig kompetensutvecklingssatsning baserad på arbetet av Timperley et al. (2007). Syftet är att genom kollegialt lärande utveckla lärarnas didaktiska kunskaper för att förbättra elevernas läs- och skrivförmåga. Denna artikel redovisar en studie av hur satsningen genomförs på en gymnasieskola. Syftet är att förstå och diskutera genomförandet genom att undersöka det pedagogiska material som studeras av lärarna och hur det uppfattas av dem. Det analyserade materialet är 1) artikeln ”Att bearbeta text – före läsandet” (Hallesson & Visén, 2016) och 2) en gruppdiskussion i en grupp av sju lärare, en bibliotekarie och en samtalshandledare, om samma artikel. Studien använder två metoder: en textanalys (Hellspong & Ledin, 1997) av artikeln och en kritisk diskursanalys (Winther Jørgensen & Phillips, 2000) av lärarnas diskussion. Analysen av lärarnas diskussion visar en avsaknad av matchning mellan lärarna och texten. Denna kan delvis förklaras av textanalysens resultat som visar att texten innefattar ett antal abstrakta begrepp och saknar tydlig röst. Analysen av lärarnas samtal visar att samtalshandledaren endast delvis kan överbrygga denna distans till texten. Lärarna utvecklar i samtalet en överenskommelse om att det är svårt att se det som erbjuds i texten som användbart i den egna praktiken. Vår tolkning är att lärarnas mottagande av texten kan beskrivas som motstånd och att de upplever texten som ett hot mot sina identiteter som lärare. I analogi med Timperley et al. (2007) visar vår studie också att kompetensutveckling och kollegialt lärande är komplext och beroende på olika kontextuella faktorer som behöver undersökas ytterligare.Nøkkelord: professionellt lärande, kollegialt lärande, motstånd, Läslyftet, läsning i skolanThe Swedish Reading Enhancement. Analysis of a text and a group of teachers’ professional learning discussionAbstract“Reading Enhancement” is a teacher professional learning investment by the Swedish Government based on the work by Timperley et al. (2007). Its aim is to develop teachers’ teaching skills through collegial learning in order to improve the pupils’ ability to read and write. This article reports on a study of how the investment is implemented at a Swedish vocational upper secondary school. The purpose is to understand and discuss the implementation by investigating the educational material studied by the teachers and how it is perceived by them. The analyzed material is 1) the article “To process text – before reading” (Hallesson & Visén, 2016) and 2) a group discussion in a group of seven teachers, a librarian and a discussion supervisor, about the same article. The study uses two methodological approaches: a text analysis (Hellspong & Ledin, 1997) of the article, and a critical discourse analysis (Winther Jørgensen & Phillips, 2000) of the teachers’ discussion. The analysis shows a discrepancy between the article and the teachers. This can partly be explained by the result of the text analysis, which shows that the article contains a large number of abstract concepts and lacks a clear voice. The analysis of the teachers’ discussion shows that the supervisor of the group can only partly manage the distance to the text. The analysis also indicates a mutual agreement in the group that it is hard to see how the ideas offered in the article can be transferred into their daily practices. We interpret this as resistance, since the teachers seem to fear that their teacher identity is threatened. In analogy with Timperley et al. (2007), our study also shows that professional learning is complex and depending on various contextual factors that need to be further investigated.Keywords: professional learning, teacher development, resistance, Reading Enhancement, reading in school

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Fiction: One Method of Meaning-Making Due to developments in media technology, the textworlds of today are undergoing a series of rapid changes. The aim of this article is to suggest multimodal theory formation as a theory of meaning-making in schools, and to discuss the consequences regarding the way in which fiction is viewed in education. Meaning-making is considered a process wherein one acquires, but also changes and develops, experiences. In other words, meaning-making is regarded as a form of design. When meaning-making is considered as multimodal, nonhierarchical and ecological, this will necessarily impact our conception of fiction. The article draws on my doctoral thesis in which empirical material showed similarities in pupils’ meaning-making regardless of mode and media. Reading fiction plays a strong role in Swedish curriculum, but this role needs to be discussed and strongly problematized. Drawing on multimodal theory formation and discussions among contemporary literature scholars, the article does not support the conception of fictional literature as exclusive and special. Rather, the arguments used for fictional literature also apply to other modes of meaning-making in other media than the printed verbal text. Swedish steering documents show a lack of conceptual resources for understanding the processes of contemporary meaning-making. The article argues that the challenges presented by contemporary methods of meaning-making should be recognized in schools, and should lead to a questioning of the role of fiction in the Swedish curriculum. When using multimodal theory formation to understand contemporary communication, fiction is revealed as only one way, among others, to make meaning.