Abstractsbetween the NEC, PDA, ROP, BPD and mode of delivery. Also no significant relationship between the mode of delivery and mortality was determined. On the other hand, ICH was significantly higher in neonates delivered vaginally (48% vs. 31%, p<0.05). Conclusion Mode of delivery has no effect on the mortality and morbidity of RDS in VLBW neonates but ICH was significantly higher in normal vaginal delivery group. Therefore, mode of delivery should be decided on the basis of obstetrical indications. Background and Aims Socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality and morbidity are challenging subjects even in many developed countries. In this study we compared neonatal mortality and morbidity in different socioeconomic status (SES) in Fars, Iran. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Fars, the fifth populated province in Iran from March to October, 2011. Using cluster random sampling method, data was collected by interviewing mothers two months after delivery and filling the check list from their health file. We categorized interviewees into low, middle and high SES according to their education, job, and wealth. Results 2106 (93.6%) mothers participate in this study. Of them 11 (0.9%) lost their fetus in pregnancy, 8 mothers (0.4%) experienced still birth while 18 mothers (0.8%) lost their baby in neonate period. 97.3% of mothers gave birth in the hospital not related to their socioeconomic ranks (P=0.1). Also, no association was found between SES and APGAR (P=0.06), frequency of fetal and neonatal dead (p=0.1), and admission in neonatal intensive care units (P=0.2). Additionally, frequency of birth trauma (fracture of humorous, clavicle, femur and skull) did not statistically differ in these groups. However, congenital anomaly (P=0.005), icterus (P=0.004), neonatal convulsion (P=0.003) and neonatal infection (P=0.007) were highest in middle socioeconomic and lowest in wealthy group. Conclusions This study showed good access to health facilities irrespective of SES. More attention should be paid to neonates of middle SES group, since they suffered the most from neonatal morbidity. NEONATAL MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY