Sexual coercion in marriage is not widely talked about in Vietnam. Against this background, the present study aimed to describe how and why non-consensual sex in marital settings occurs in a rural community in Vietnam. Data were collected from 81 married men and women through ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Findings revealed that silence and lack of resistance on the part of women in sex are interpreted as consent, and cultural values often encourage women to accept coercion 'voluntarily'. Lack of information on, and public dialogue about, sexuality make it difficult for sexually inexperienced people to gain knowledge before commencing sexual relationships and often lead to traumatic first experiences. These factors combine to make women develop negative attitudes toward sex or to deny sex altogether. To better understand sexual coercion within marriage, we should look not only at physical acts but also at cultural and gendered perceptions and practices in a specific setting. Findings highlight the need for a comprehensive response to tackling sexual coercion within marriage.
Hồi ký Không có thần thoại của cựu Tổng thống Lee Myung Bak, cựu Chủ tịch tập đoàn Hyundai có thể xem là một trường hợp đại diện và điển hình cho truyện ký về cuộc đời những “người hùng” của các tập đoàn Hàn Quốc. Qua một nhân vật xuất chúng mà số phận gắn bó với sự hình thành, phát triển một trong những tập đoàn hàng đầu của Hàn Quốc, Không có thần thoại giúp chúng ta cảm hiểu nguồn sức mạnh đã làm nên “kỳ tích sông Hàn”, tính cách con người và bản sắc dân tộc Hàn nói chung; đặc điểm văn hóa doanh nhân, văn hóa doanh nghiệp Hàn Quốc nói riêng. Bài nghiên cứu này vận dụng các chiều kích Geert Hofstede để tiếp cận liên ngành tìm hiểu văn hóa doanh nghiệp Hàn Quốc dựa trên dữ liệu văn học truyện ký doanh nhân.
Business formality is considered a key driver in the development of the private sector in developing countries, which can contribute to enhancing the capacity and competitiveness of firms. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of formality on investments of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. Different from previous work, we apply a two-stage method with random-effects Probit and Tobit regressions to control for endogeneity surrounding formality and investments. Results show that formality measured by having a tax code fosters all types of investments. However, formality proxied by having a full set of business registration documents decreases total and fixed investments but increases non-fixed investments. Our findings suggest that relaxing complex procedures, enhancing the knowledge of the owner, and improving the ease of doing business play a crucial role in the formalization of Vietnamese SMEs.
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