Urine from the buffalo, Syncerus coffer, a natural host of the tsetse, has been shown previously to be a potent olfactory attractant for tsetse in the field. The attractant compounds have been found to be extractable into dichloromethane. Fractionation of the extracts by liquid flash chromatography yielded four fractions one of which gave a seven-fold increase in trap catches in the field compared to the control traps. Gas chromatographic and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of this fraction revealed the presence of seven simple phenols including phenol itself.Resume-L'urine de buffle, Syncerus coffer, un hote naturel de mouche tse-tse, s'est recement montre d'etre un attracteur potentiel d'olfaction pour la mouche tse-tse sur le terrain. Les composes de cet attracteur ont ete trouves extractable dans le dichloromethane. Le fractionnement de ces extraits par le liquide chromatographique a donne quatre fractions dont l'une d'elles, placee dans les pieges de capture a permis de recolter sept fois plus de mouches que les pieges-controles. L'analyse de cette fraction par gaz chromatographique et par gaz chromatographique associe a la masse spectrometrique a revele la presence de sept phenols simple comprenant le phenol lui-meme.

Seven phenolic compounds (phenol, 3-and 4-cresols, 3-and 4-ethylphenols, and 3-and 4-n-propylphenols) previously shown to be components of a fraction of an extract of buffalo urine which was active as a tsetse attractant, were evaluated in field experiments, individually at different concentrations, and in blends. The results indicate that 4-cresol and 3-n-propylphenol are the most important components for the of the attractancy phenolic mixture. Resume-Septcomposes phenoliques (phenol, 3-et 4-cresols, 3-et 4-ethylphenols ainsique 3-et 4-n-propylphenols) demotres etre les composantes d'une fraction de 1'urine de buffle qui est un attractant des mouches tse-tse, ont ete teste individuellement a differentes concentrations et en groupes sur le terrain. Les resultats obtenus indiquent que 4-cresol et 3-n-propylphenol sont les plus importantes composantes de ce melange phenolique pour 1 attraction.

The principal compound which posseses trail-following activity at low concentration has been isolated from workers and from female alates of the grass feeding termiteTrinervitermes bettonianus. Male alates also produce the pheromone but in much smaller quantities than the female. The structure of the pheromone was determined as the diterpene hydrocarbon cembrene-A from spectra and microscale reaction data.

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A procedure is reported for the selective ammonia chemical ionization of some nitrogen and sulfur heterocycles in petroleum fractions using ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS). The ion trap scan routine is designed to optimize the population of ammonium reagent ions and eject from the trap (by radio frequency/direct current isolation) electron ionization products formed during reagent ion formation prior to ionization of the sample. The ITMS procedure is compared with standard ion trap detector and conventional quadrupole ammonia chemical ionization for the determination of nitrogen and sulfur heterocycles in gas oil and kerosine samples. Greatly enhanced selectivity is shown for the ITMS procedure by suppression of competing charge-exchange processes.