CIONM reliably signaled impending nerve injury, enabling immediate corrective action.

RLNM is now the standard of care during thyroidectomy in Germany. After LOS on the first side of resection in bilateral goitre, more than 90 per cent of respondents declared their willingness to change the resection plan for the contralateral side to avoid the risk of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.

These data, including the observation that global type 2 injuries may entail less severe nerve injury, require validation in independent series before being adopted more widely. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1144-E1151, 2016.

Operation with CIONM resulted in fewer permanent vocal fold palsies compared with IIONM after thyroid surgery in patients with benign disease.

Based on these and published preliminary data, annual screening for pheochromocytoma may be warranted from age 10 yr in carriers of RET mutations in codons 918, 634, and 630, and from age 20 yr in the remainder.