By making use of steady-state analysis of the fault propagation behaviors in process systems, improvements of the digraph-based techniques for faultrtree synthesis have been achieved. In particular, generalized sub-tree structures have been developed for variables associated with nodes on feedforward and feedback loops and a preliminary loop-searching computer algorithm has been worked out. These techniques are integrated in a fault-tree construction procedure which is also presented in this paper. This revised procedure has been implemented in a number of application examples. The results show that the proposed approach is not only feasible but also capable of identifying correct causes of the top event which are missing in t
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