Bionic adaptive camouflage material is a new artificial functional material, whose surface color can change adaptively according to the optical environments. Therefore, how to reduce the visual detectability of this material becomes a research hotspot of digital camouflage stealth technology. In order to clarify the limitations and opportunities of the bionic adaptive camouflage materials in the field of visual stealth, we summarize the applications of current adaptive camouflage materials and carry out a prospect of next-generation photonic crystal infrared camouflage material in this review. It is expected to provide a solution for the demand of digital camouflage adaptive materials in the modern battle field.

A facile and unique conversion from NN group to HN–NH group was discovered, by which 1,2-bis(3-nitro-1-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)hydrazine and its energetic salts have been readily prepared as high-energy-density materials.

In this work, the new fused heterocyclic compound 7,8‐dinitro‐4‐oxo‐4,6‐dihydropyrazolo[5, 1‐d][1, 2,3,5]tetrazine (HPCM) and its energetic salts were designed and synthesized. All energetic salts were fully characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The structures of the sodium and 3,4,5‐triamino‐1,2,4,–triazolium salts were further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In addition, their key physicochemical properties such as density, thermal stability, and sensitivity towards impact and friction were also evaluated. The salts were thermally stable with decomposition temperatures ranging from 171 to 315 °C. Theoretical calculations associated with heats of formation and detonation performance were performed by Gaussian 03 and EXPLO5 v6.01 programs, respectively. All of the salts were found to have positive heats of formation. Taking both experimental and computational parameters into consideration, the fact that hydroxylammonium salt showed a high density (ρ=1.95 g cm–3), acceptable decomposition temperature (Td=171 °C), excellent detonation performance (P=39.4 Gpa, vD=9228 m s–1) and favorable impact and friction sensitivities (IS=19 J, FS=360 N), indacate that it has the potential to be used as a less sensitive high energy density material.