N'Dayegamiye, A., Royer, R. and Audesse, P. 1997. Nitrogen-mineralization and availability in manure composts from Québec biological farms. Can. J. Soil Sci. 77: 345-350. The real contribution of composts to N availability depends on their characteristics and maturity. A laboratory incubation experiment (140 d) was conducted parallel to a greenhouse study (330 d) in a split-split-plot design, with, respectively, two peat rates (0, 20 g kg -1 soil), five manure composts and four compost rates (0, 250, 500 and 750 g kg -1 soil). Compost N mineralization, orchardgrass (Dactylis Glomerata L.) yield and N uptake were measured. Total amount of mineralized N and yields and N uptake for six cuts of orchardgrass varied significantly with the type of composts and rate. Peat addition temporarily decreased compost N mineralization rate but significantly increased orchardgrass yields and N uptake as compared to peatless treatments. Mineralized N represented <3% of total N, whereas N uptake by orchardgrass represented 13-40% of total N among composts. This low mineralized N value compared to total N and total N uptake was due to a high maturity of the composts studied. This was shown by high humic acid : fulvic acid fraction ratios (3.1 to 4.8) and low nonhumic fraction:humic acid+fulvic acid ratios (0.10 to 0.12), as well as low C/N ratios, high bulk density, high ash content, pH, NO 3 -N and CEC values. Even if peat addition decreased mineralized N basically due to temporary N immobilization, its application significantly increased yields and N uptake probably by improving physical conditions in soil-manure compost mixtures. Peat addition to mature manure composts should be considered as an interesting alternative for horticultural plants sensitive to high NO 3 -N content from mature composts.Key word: Manure composts, peat, N mineralization, N availability, humification ratios or indexes, yields, orchardgrass N'Dayegamiye, A., Royer, R. et Audesse, P. 1997. Minéralisation et disponibilité de l'azote des composts de fumier. Can. J. Soil Sci. 77: 345-350. La disponibilité de l'azote des composts de fumier est reliée à leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques et leur maturité. Une étude en incubation prolongée (140 jours) a été conduite ainsi qu'un essai en serres (330 jours) afin d'évaluer l'effet de l'ajout de tourbe, du type de composts et des doses de composts sur la minéralisation d'azote, ainsi que sur le rendement et les prélèvements en azote du millet japonais (Dactylis Glomerata L.). Le dispositif consistait en split-split-plot avec deux doses de tourbe (0, 20 g kg -1 sol), cinq types de composts de fumier et quatre doses de composts (0, 250, 500, 750 g kg -1 sol), respectivement. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le type et la dose de composts ont significativement influencé le contenu en azote total minéralisé ainsi que le rendement et les prélèvements en azote du millet japonais pendant six coupes. L'ajout de la tourbe aux composts de fumier a temporairement diminué le taux de minéralisation des composts, mais a ...