For a long time, the species Palaeoweichselia defrancei (Brongniart) was considered endemic to the Saar-Lorraine coalfield, and mainly localized in the upper Westphalian C/lower Westphalian D interval. The record, in the Northern France coal Field, of a nice specimen belonging indisputably to that species confirms again the conclusions presented by Laveine, Coquel and Loboziak in 1977. The information furnished by that specimen, together with the discoveries made in the Saar-Lorraine coal field during the last twenty years, justify an updating of our knowledge related to that taxon. It concerns not only its principal morphological characteristics, but also its vertical extension and palaeogeographical distribution. Some hypotheses on its eventual relationships with other Carboniferous pteridosperms are discussed.
Résumé.-Le Massif central oriental est riche de nombreux sites tourbeux éche-lonnés entre 600 m et 1600 m d'altitude, certains particulièrement remarquables sur le plan biologique. Pourtant les recherches concernant leurs végétations restent peu développées et ponctuelles. Nous comblons ici partiellement cette lacune par une analyse d'ensemble des communautés végétales ombrotrophiles de ce secteur géographique. Les résultats issus de CAH et AFC portant sur 129 relevés phytosociologiques et 142 espèces conduisent à l'individualisation de 24 « syntaxons élémentaires » et 8 groupes de taxons différentiels. La végétation se différencie principalement en fonction de la richesse minérale et de l'humidité. Elle traduit aussi indirectement une opposition d'origine climatique entre systèmes de tourbières bombées compactes, hyperoligotrophes et hyperombrotrophes au nord de la région, sous influence océanique, et systèmes de buttes ombrominérotrophes isolées au sud ou à moindre altitude, sous climat plus sec et plus chaud en été, à caractère plus continental. Nous rattachons ces groupements à 9 associations végétales déjà existantes.
Mots clés : communautés végétales -tourbières -Massif central -syntaxons élémentaires -Sphagnion magellanici.Abstract.-The eastern mountains of the French Massif central are rich of numerous and various peatlands wich can be studied on a broad latitudinal and elevational scale. This work is the first attempt to characterise their ombrotrophic vegetations. 129 phytosociological relevés including 142 embryophytic plant species and lichens are analysed by cluster and correspondence analysis. 24 elementary syntaxa, differentiated on the basis of 8 sets of species and segregated along a moisture and a nutrient gradients, are then defined. Vegetations also correlate with a climatic trends between typical raised bogs under attenuated oceanic influence in the north, and ombrominerotrophic hummocks in fen complexes in dryer and warmer, somewhat continental south. 9 associations are recognised among the vegetations present.
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