Acomys species phylogeny was reconstructed from the sequences of the cytochrome b mitochondria! gene (1141 base pairs). Tree topologies obtained with different algorithms were mostly congruent and clades are well supported, although some relationships remain unresolved. The species included in the controversial « cahirinus-dimidiatus complex » cluster together in a terminal multifurcation, the lack of resolution of which is not caused by saturation of the marker. This suggest an adaptive radiation, and a redefinition of the « cahirinus-dimidiatus complex » is proposed.A tentative phylogeographic scenario was drawn from the phylogeny, using a molecular clock to roughly estimate dates of the cladogenetic events. In this scenario, Acomys lineages successively individualize from the presumed center of origin of the genus in East Africa, towards the rest of the African continent, Arabic Peninsula and Near East. The most ancient of these events would have occurred around 9.7 to 13.7 million years ago, while the most recent is the dispersion of Acomys cahirinus across the Mediterranean Sea by humans.Resume. -La phylogenie des especes tfAcomys a ete reconstruite ä partir des sequences du gene mitochondria! du cytochrome b (1141 nucleotides). Les topologies des arbres obtenus avec differents algorithmes sont pour la plupart congruentes et les clades sont robustes, bien que certaines relations restent irresolues. Les especes du «complexe cahirinus-dimidiatus» se regroupent dans une multifurcation terminale, dont le manque de resolution n'est pas du ä la saturation du marqueur. Ce resultat suggere qu'une radiation evolutive s'est produite, et une redefinition du complexe est proposee.Un scenario phylogeographique hypothetique est tire de la phylogenie, en utilisant une horloge moleculaire pour estimer approximativement les dates des cladogeneses. Dans le scenario propose, les lignees d'Acomys s'individualisent successivement ä partir de PAfrique de 1'Est, centre d'origine presume du genre, vers le reste du continent africain ainsi que vers la Peninsule Arabique et le Proche-Orient. Le plus ancien de ces evenements se serait produit il y a 9,7 ä 13,7 millions d'annees, tandis que le plus recent est la dispersion o'Acomys cahirinus ä travers la Mer Mediterranee par FHomme.
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