Introduction Gout is an illness characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints or in soft tissues. The clinical manifestation results from inflammation of limb joints and pain with a rare presentation in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
Case Report This study describes a 66-year-old white man with a chief complaint of “occasional pain in the left temporal muscle region.” The case disclosed a gout manifestation in the TMJ after physical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic exams, and the patient was referred to proper treatment.
Conclusion Gout manifestation in the TMJ is an unusual presentation, and few reports in the English literature address to the subject. Gout in the TMJ should be included as a differential diagnosis for joint disorders.
Labial lentigines associated with Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome are challenging and represent a cosmetic problem. Laser and intense‐pulsed light sources (IPLS) can be used to treat these macules. However, there are few guidelines regarding the different types of protocols found in the literature. Thus, the purpose of this study was to review the pertinent literature on lasers and IPLS as therapy for labial lentigines in patients with Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome. A detailed literature search was conducted in seven databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, Lilacs, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science) to November 2020. Data were extracted and analyzed from selected studies including study design, sample size, participants' skin color, age, and gender, parameters of the laser or IPLS used, interval and total sessions of laser application, results obtained, follow‐up time and side effects. Thirteen out of 124 published studies met our eligibility criteria, covering 81 patients. Ten types of lasers and IPLS were used, and most of the sample (n = 57) was treated with Q‐switch Alexandrite Laser (QSAL). The total number of sessions ranged from 1 to 12 and the interval between sessions ranged from 2 to 16 weeks. All studies have shown satisfactory results, with no further complications. The follow‐up ranged from 2 to 97 months. Laser therapy and IPLS are effective in the treatment of lentigines associated with PJS. Although QSAL was used in 70.3% of the sample, different types of lasers showed comparable satisfactory results.
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