Managing arsenic intoxication with conventional metal chelators is a global challenge. The present study demonstrated the therapeutic role of probiotics against arsenic-induced oxidative stress and female reproductive dysfunction. Sodium arsenite-treated (1.0 mg/100 g body weight) Wistar female rats were followed up by a post-treatment of commercially available probiotic mixture in powder form (0.25 mg/100 g body weight) orally. Rats that experienced arsenic ingestion showed a significant lessening in the activities of uterine superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities, and the level of non-protein soluble thiol (NPSH) with a concomitant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD). Exposure to arsenic significantly lowered the levels of vitamin B and estradiol. Exposure to arsenic highly expressed the inflammatory marker and transcription factor NF-κB. Arsenic-mediated instability of these above parameters was controlled by the probiotics with a rebuilding of better function of anti-oxidant components. Besides its function in regulating endogenous anti-oxidant system, probiotics were able to augment the protection against mutagenic uterine DNA-breakage, necrosis, and ovarian-uterine tissue damages in arsenicated rats.

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Background- Replacing invasive chelating therapy by non-invasive oral therapy against arsenic poisoning is indispensable because of the side effects of chelating agents. Aim- The present study was framed to achieve whether n-butanol fraction of Moringa oleifera seed (NB) could repair utero-damages following arsenisation. Methods- The arsenic-treated (10 mg/kg BW) rats received a dose of 50 mg/kg NB. The possible active components present in NB were investigated via HPLC-MS. Analysis of enzymatic antioxidants was accomplished by native gel electrophoresis. Pro and anti-inflammatory indicators were assessed by RT-PCR, and Western blot. ESR-α was detected via immunostaining. Results- Arsenicated rats showed significant augmentation in lipid peroxidation with decreased antioxidant enzymes activities which were considerably reversed by NB administration. Weak ESR-α expression along with distorted uterine histomorphology were retrieved by NB. Altered protein expression along with mRNA expression of inflammatory and apoptotic markers were also significantly recovered by NB. Molecular docking predicted that glucomoringin and methyl glucosinolate of Moringa interacts with the catalytic site of caspase-3 in the way of limiting its activity. Conclusion- NB was successful in restoring the arsenic-mediated uterine hypo-function. The glucomoringin and methyl glucosinolate presents in n-butanol fraction may play a critical role in limiting apoptotic event in arsenicated uterus.