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Abstract. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for the growth of citrus plants. A pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse to investigate the citrus cultivars grafted on 10 rootstocks (Cuningmeng, Suanju, Suancheng, Honglimeng, Zhike, Goutoucheng, Xiangyuan, Hongju, Xiangcheng, and Zhicheng) in response to the different phosphorus treatments viz, low P (LP) = 0.01 mmol L −1 , moderate P (MP) = 0.5 mmol L −1 , high P (HP) = 1 mmol L −1 ) concentrations. All P concentrations were employed in pots containing Hoagland solution. The leaves, branch, root, and total dry weight, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium concentrations in the different plant parts were determined. Results showed that P application increased N, P, K and Mg content in different plant parts. With increasing P application, the root dry weight, branch dry weight, leaves dry weight, and total dry weight increased whilst low P treatment affected the P, K, and Mg accumulation in root and ultimately plant growth. Moreover, low P concentrations also affected Mg content in leaves, that can lead to low plant photosynthesis and finally decreased the plant dry biomass

Background Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultures are frequently infected by Vibrio vulnificus, causing major economic losses to production units. Previously, tilapia expressing recombinant delta-5 desaturase and delta-6 desaturase (D56) were found to be resistant to V. vulnificus infection. In this report, we profile the D56-mediated molecular changes underlying this resistance in tilapia. A comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on V. vulnificus-infected wild-type and D56-transgenic tilapia using Illumina’s sequencing-by-synthesis approach. Gene enrichment analysis on differentially expressed unigenes was performed, and the expression patterns were validated by real-time PCR. Results Comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on RNA-sequence profiles obtained from wild-type and D56-transgenic tilapia at 0, 6 and 24 h post-infection with V. vulnificaus. GO and KEGG gene enrichment analyses showed that D56 regulates several pathways and genes, including fatty acid (FA) metabolism associated, and inflammatory and immune response. Expression of selected FA metabolism-associated, inflammatory and immune responsive genes was validated by qPCR. The inflammatory and immune responsive genes that are modulated by FA-associated D56 likely contribute to the enhanced resistance against V. vulnificus infection in Tilapia. Conclusions Transcriptome profiling and filtering for two-fold change variation showed that 3795 genes were upregulated and 1839 genes were downregulated in D56-transgenic tilapia. These genes were grouped into pathways, such as FA metabolism, FA elongation, FA biosynthesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated FA, FA degradation, inflammation, immune response, and chemokines. FA-associated genes and immune-related genes were modulated by D56 at 6 h and 24 h post infection with V. vulnificus. The expression patterns of FA-related genes, inflammatory genes, antimicrobial peptide genes and immune responsive genes at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h post-infection suggests these genes are involved in the enhanced resistance of D56 transgenic tilapia to V. vulnificus.