BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) secondary to degenerative disease of spine is a condition related to musculoskeletal system and affecting mostly middle aged and older persons, but now-a-days younger people are also suffering. Plain radiograph can be helpful in visualising gross anatomic changes in the intervertebral disc. But MRI is the standard imaging modality for detecting disc pathology. Aims and Objective-To evaluate imaging characteristics and extent of degenerative changes of the lumbosacral spine by 3 Tesla MRI and also to identify the associated changes and to find the pattern of pathological changes identified by MRI in low backache. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total 118 patients were studied to evaluate the MRI appearance of Degenerative disease of lumbosacral spine. The vertebrae, intervertebral discs, spinal canals and neural foramens were looked for the changes of degeneration. The spinal cord and the nerve roots were observed for signs of compression and degeneration. RESULTS Males were more frequently involved than females and they were mostly of 5 th and 6 th decades of their lives. Per patient disc involvement were 3.55%. Annular disc tear, disc herniation, narrowing of spinal canal, narrowing of lateral recess, compression of neural foramen, ligamentum flavum thickening and facetal arthropathy were common at the L4-L5 disc level. CONCLUSION Degeneration of lumbosacral spine is the most common cause of low back pain. Multiple levels of the disc involvement are seen per person. Males are more frequently affected to the disc degeneration than females. MRI is the standard imaging modality for detecting disc pathology due to its advantages like multiplanar imaging capability, excellent soft tissue contrast, precise localisation of intervertebral disc changes and lack of radiation.

BACKGROUNDClinical diagnosis of a scrotal swelling is not straightforward. It is often difficult to decide whether a palpable scrotal m ass is intratesticular or extratesticular. Moreover, the clinical examination may over look significant pathology and physical signs elicited may be improperly interpreted. The sonogram with high frequency linear transducer and colour Doppler is invaluable in evaluating scrotum and its contents. Sonography is simple to perform, rapid, non-invasive, relatively inexpensive, easily reproducible, widely available and does not expose the gonads to radiation. Aim and Objective-To evaluate various scrotal pathologies using ultrasonography and to describe the role of high resolution ultrasound and colour Doppler in their diagnosis.