Introduction. Researchers indicate an important relationship between the level of job satisfaction and the state of health of the employees. Some elements of work related with its character, organization, and interpersonal relationships may evoke strong stress, manifested by, among others, an increased musculoskeletal tension which, in turn, may lead to permanent dysfunction of this system. Objective. The objective of the study was analysis of the relationship between the level of job satisfaction and occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders among employees of the State Forests. Materials and method. The research material was collected using two instruments: the modified Nordic Questionnaire for assessment of musculoskeletal disorders, and a questionnaire concerning job satisfaction. The study was conducted in a group of 396 employees of the State Forests from 8 regions of Poland. Results. The results of analysis confirmed a significant relationship between job satisfaction and the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. The lower the level of job satisfaction, the more frequent the experiencing of musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion. Low level of job satisfaction is a risk factor for the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. Shaping of work conditions, which are the source of job satisfaction, should be considered as one of the main elements of prevention of musculoskeletal complaints.

Wstęp. Szczepienia są najbezpieczniejszą i sprawdzoną wiele lat temu drogą nabycia odporności. W Unii Europejskiej w profilaktyce COVID-19 zarejestrowane zostały dwie szczepionki mRNA oraz dwie szczepionki wektorowe oparte na zmodyfikowanych adenowirusach. Niepożądane odczyny poszczepienne (NOP) są to wszelkie nieprawidłowe reakcje organizmu lub zdarzenia następujące po szczepieniu. Reakcje te mogą mieć różne nasilenie -od łagodnych po rzadko występujące odczyny poważne, czy nawet zagrażające życiu. Cel pracy. Celem pracy była ocena niepożądanych odczynów poszczepiennych u pacjentów szczepionych przeciwko SARS--CoV-2. Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 376 osób, przeprowadzono je metodą sondażu diagnostycznego. Kryterium włączenia do badania było przebycie szczepienia przeciwko wirusowi SARS-CoV-2. W związku z brakiem standaryzowanych narzędzi dostosowanych do zaplanowanych badań posłużono się ankietą własnego autorstwa skonstruowaną z 15 pytań. Wyniki. Spośród badanych 37,3% otrzymało dwie dawki szczepionki. U 47,9% nie wystąpiły żadne reakcje poszczepienne. Odnotowano istotny związek pomiędzy wiekiem ankietowanych [χ 2 (2; N = 376) = 5,74; p < 0,05; V = 0,24], chorobami nerek (p = 0,019), występowaniem nadciśnienia tętniczego (p = 0,0003), chorobami nowotworowymi (p = 0,047), przewlekłymi chorobami układu oddechowego (p = 0,015), liczbą przyjmowanych leków [χ 2 (2; N = 376) = 5,62; p < 0,05; V = 0,23] oraz kolejnymi dawkami szczepienia dwudawkowego [χ 2 (2; N = 376) = 4,23; p < 0,05; V = 0,34]. Wnioski. Stosowane szczepionki anty-COVID-19, niezależnie od działania mechanizmu, okazały się bezpieczne. NOP częściej występują u ludzi w podeszłym wieku cierpiących z powodu współistniejących chorób i przyjmujących na stałe 3-5 leków. Częściej ujawniają się po podaniu drugiej dawki szczepionki.

Introduction. Work in forestry has been and continues to be considered a very difficult and risky occupation, with constant exposure to certain factors which create risk for employees' health or even life. The objective of the study is recognition of the opinions of forestry workers concerning health risk, and to evaluate which of their selected demographic characteristics are connected with opinions concerning hazards at the workplace. Materials and method. An author-constructed survey was conducted among 135 forestry employees, containing items concerning primarily hazards occurring at workplaces in forestry. Forestry employees' opinions pertaining to occupational hazards were analyzed from the aspect of independent variables, such as workplace, period of employment, age and education. The significance of the differences in the subgroups distinguished according to the above-mentioned variables, were assessed using the chi-square test. Results. Forestry employees most often indicated risk related with cold (83.7%) and hot (77%) microclimate. A high percentage of respondents (74.1%) were aware of the presence of biological hazards and risk caused by the possibility of contact with wild animals (55.6%) at their workplace. In addition, a considerable part of workers reported that the source of risk at their workplace is noise (34.1%), especially dangerous machinery (26.7%), dust (18.5%), chemical substances (15.6%), and forced body position at work (14.1%). Conclusions. Based on the results of the study concerning work safety and occupational hygiene among forestry employees, it was found that they are aware of hazards which may occur at their workplaces. The greatest differences in the perception of hazards were observed according to the type of workplace and period of employment.

Stepwise regression analysis showed that the readiness of adolescents to use genetically modified organisms as food or for the production of pharmaceuticals, the production of GM plants or animals on own farm, depends on an emotional-evaluative attitude towards GMOs, and the level of knowledge concerning the essence of genetic modifications.

The work of a forester which consist, among other things, in relocation on foot or by vehicle over long distances along an uneven terrain and in various weather conditions, is a risk factor of the occurrence of musculosceletal disorders concerning the low back and knees.