Background and Hypothesis Around 5%–7% of the adult population are estimated to have lifetime psychotic experiences (PEs), which are associated with psychosis risk. PEs assessed with Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) are associated with psychosis but also non-psychotic disorders, which could be partly explained by CAPE indirectly capturing emotional symptoms. We investigated the psychometric properties of a shorter version, CAPE-9, and whether CAPE-9 scores are associated with lifetime psychotic or non-psychotic mental disorders after controlling for current anxiety and depressive symptoms. Design CAPE-9 questionnaire data were obtained from 29 021 men (42.4 ± 5.6 yrs.) from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. We investigated CAPE-9 reliability and factor structure. Logistic regression was used to test effects of current anxiety and depressive symptoms (SCL-12) on associations between CAPE-9 scores and psychiatric diagnoses. Results CAPE-9 fit a previously reported 3-factor structure and showed good reliability. Twenty-six percent reported at least one lifetime PE. CAPE-9 scores were significantly associated with most psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, substance abuse, anxiety, trauma-related disorders, and ADHD). After controlling for concurrent emotional symptoms, only associations with schizophrenia (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.18–1.38) and trauma-related disorders (OR = 1.09; CI = 1.02–1.15) remained significant. Conclusions CAPE-9 showed good psychometric properties in this large population-based adult male sample, and PEs were more clearly associated with psychotic disorders after controlling for current emotional symptoms. These results support the use of the short CAPE-9 as a cost-effective tool for informing public health initiatives and advancing our understanding of the dimensionality of psychosis.

ImportancePremenstrual disorders are heritable, clinically heterogenous, with a range of affective spectrum comorbidities. It is unclear whether genetic predispositions to affective spectrum disorders or other major psychiatric disorders are associated with symptoms of premenstrual disorders.ObjectiveTo assesss whether symptoms of premenstrual disorders are associated with the genetic liability for major psychiatric disorders, as indexed by polygenic risk scores (PRSs).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWomen from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study were included in this genetic association study. PRSs were used to determine whether genetic liability for major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder were associated with the symptoms of premenstrual disorders, using the PRS for height as a somatic comparator. The sample was recruited across Norway between June 1999 and December 2008, and analyses were performed from July 1 to October 14, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe symptoms of premenstrual disorders were assessed at recruitment at week 15 of pregnancy with self-reported severity of depression and irritability before menstruation. Logistic regression was applied to test for the association between the presence of premenstrual disorder symptoms and the PRSs for major psychiatric disorders.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of 56 725 women included in the study was 29.0 (4.6) years. Premenstrual disorder symptoms were present in 12 316 of 56 725 participants (21.7%). The symptoms of premenstrual disorders were associated with the PRSs for major depression (β = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.11-0.15; P = 1.21 × 10−36), bipolar disorder (β = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.05-0.09; P = 1.74 × 10−11), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (β = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.04-0.09; P = 1.58 × 10−9), schizophrenia (β = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.09-0.13; P = 7.61 × 10−25), and autism spectrum disorder (β = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.05; P = .02) but not with the PRS for height. The findings were confirmed in a subsample of women without a history of psychiatric diagnosis.ConclusionsThe results of this genetic association study show that genetic liability for both affective spectrum disorder and major psychiatric disorders was associated with symptoms of premenstrual disorders, indicating that premenstrual disorders have overlapping genetic foundations with major psychiatric disorders.

Cel pracyBadanie miało na celu ocenę wpływu szkoleń antystygmatyzacyjnych prowadzonych przez osoby po przebytych kryzysach psychicznych (czyli „ekspertów przez doświadczenie”) na różne aspekty postaw uczestników wobec osób chorujących psychicznie.MetodaW trzygodzinnych warsztatach wzięło udział 185 osób w 17 grupach liczących 3-19 osób (średnio 11). Blisko połowę (45,4%) stanowiły osoby zatrudnione w psychiatrycznej opiece zdrowotnej. Bezpośrednio przed i po szkoleniu uczestnicy wypełniali zestaw kwestionariuszy oceniających następujące aspekty postaw: dystans społeczny, stygmatyzujące atrybucje, przekonania o możliwości samostanowienia/osiągania ważnych celów życiowych przez osoby chorujące psychicznie oraz przekonania o społecznej wartości osób chorujących psychicznie. Po miesiącu i po pół roku od szkolenia respondenci wypełniali ten sam zestaw kwestionariuszy online. Dane analizowano w oparciu o segmentowy model latentnych krzywych rozwojowych.WynikiSpośród 185 uczestników warsztatów po miesiącu od szkolenia kwestionariusze wypełniło 115 osób (62,2%), a po pół roku – 87 osób (47,0%). Analizy wykazały poprawę we wszystkich miarach postaw bezpośrednio po szkoleniu. W przypadku trzech spośród czterech badanych aspektów postaw (nasilenia dystansu społecznego, stygmatyzujących atrybucji oraz przekonań o możliwości samostanowienia przez osoby chorujące psychicznie) pozytywny wpływ szkolenia okazał się trwały, utrzymując się przez sześć miesięcy.WnioskiWyniki badania dostarczają wstępnych dowodów empirycznych, że oceniana ustrukturyzowana interwencja antystygmatyzacyjna wykorzystująca elementy edukacji i kontaktu interpersonalnego może być skutecznym narzędziem służącym poprawie postaw społecznych wobec osób chorujących psychicznie.

Stress resilience is the ability of neuronal networks to maintain function despite exposure to stress. In this study, we investigated whether stress resilience is an actively developed dynamic process in adult mice. To assess the resilient and anhedonic behavioral phenotypes developed after induction the chronic unpredictable stress, we quantitatively characterized the structural and functional plasticity of excitatory synapses in the hippocampus using a combination of proteomic, electrophysiological, and imaging methods. Our results indicate that stress resilience is a dynamic and multifactorial process manifested by structural, functional, and molecular changes in synapses. We reveal that chronic stress influences palmitoylation, the profiles of which differ between resilient and anhedonic animals. We also observed that stress resilience is associated with structural compensatory plasticity of the postsynaptic parts of synapses.One Sentence SummaryCompensatory remodeling of dendritic spines at the structural and molecular levels underlies stress resilience.