The electronics industry is now being impacted by a rapidly growing number of chemical regulations and substance restrictions. In the light of this trend, there is a significant risk of facing multiple substitutions for the same application unless potential replacement technologies are properly assessed against environmental and human health criteria in advance of their widespread adoption. To ensure that replacements for restricted substances have lower impact to human health and the environment, it is essential to be able to determine the impacts of the alternatives compared with the original substances. In this work, we evaluated tools and methods for comparing restricted substances to their alternatives, including restricted substance list (RSL) screening, risk phrase or hazard statement screening, multi‐criteria decision analysis, life‐cycle analysis (LCA), risk assessment and hazard scoring schemes. This chapter describes how these tools were incorporated into an integrated alternatives assessment protocol for evaluating the environmental and human health impacts of replacements for restricted substances.