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Introduction Because of the cost, in the hemodialysis centers of Kinshasa, the double dose of hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine is administered only to HIV infected patients while other patients receive a single dose. This study aimed to evaluate the single-dose vaccination Protocol and identify determinants of seroconversion's lack of anti-HBs after vaccination schedule. Methods 56 non-HIV chronic hemodialysis patients serologically negative for HBs Ag, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were selected between January 2014 and December 2016. The recombinant DNA vaccine (Euvax B ® 20 μg) was administered intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle at days 0, 30, 60 and 180. Serum anti-HBs titer was assayed at day 240. The endpoint was seroconversion, defined as anti-HBs titer ≥ 10 IU/l (10-99 IU/l = low protective vaccine response; ≥ 100 IU/l = highly protective vaccine response). Anti-HBs titer < 10 IU/l defined a lack of seroconversion. A Logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the lack of seroconversion. Results In the study group (mean age 55.6± 15.1 years; 73 % men, 36% diabetic and 86% hypertensive), low and highly protective vaccine responses were seen in 32% and 50% respectively versus 18% of patient had a lack of seroconversion. CRP > 6 mg/L (aOR: 8.96), hypoalbuminemia (aOR: 6.50) and KT/V < 1.2 (aOR: 3.70) were associated with the lack of seroconversion. Conclusion Half of the patients in the study had either a lack or low protective vaccine response. Patient-related factors and hemodialysis parameters were the main factors associated with the lack of anti-HbS seroconversion. These results highlight the need to maximize doses of vaccine in all patients.

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