In the era of industrial and social advancement, human being remain in the vicinity of a plethora of toxic substances, including drugs, which not only affect one organ at a time but also impose threat to other organ simultaneously. The two hit effect of combined exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN) is well established model to study multiorgan damage and dysfunctioning. Combination of LPS and D-GalN induces hepatic injury is similar to clinical viral hepatitis; hence, this model

All the young females (18-35 years) presenting to the hospital with breast related symptoms were prospectively studied over a period of 15 months from August 2011 to November 2012. Patients Aim: To assess the spectrum of presentation of young (18-35 years) females to a rural cancer hospital and to correlate it with the level of education. Materials and Methods: Ninety cases of the selected age group were prospectively studied for the manner of presentation and level of education. Results: Majority patients (57.77%) presented with breast related symptoms. 81.1% of the patients were educated at least up to secondary school education. Conclusions: Owing to the improved education levels and awareness, the young rural females are more informed about breast related symptoms and are seeking proper care for the same. A robust rural cancer registry system may document this changing scenario that may well contrast with the traditional beliefs and learning of cancer epidemiology. Abstract Access this article onlineWebsite: www.ijmedph.org

To report the first case of rare isolated breast metastasis from carcinoma gall bladder. Single patient case report. A 35-year-old pre-menopausal female presented with 2 * 2 cm right upper outer quadrant breast lump. Post-mastectomy, histology confirmed it to be metastatic adenocarcinoma positive for both Cytokeratin (CK) 7 and CK20. Past history as told by the patient revealed that 2 years back, cholecystectomy was performed for gall stones, of which no histology reports were present; she had a port site scar recurrence which showed it to be adenocarcinoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy was advised which the patient did not complete. This is probably the first case reported of isolated breast metastasis from gall bladder carcinoma, diagnosed retrospectively. It also highlights the importance of adjuvant treatment in gall bladder malignancy.

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic significance of serum Zinc (S.Zn) in locally advanced cancer cervix (LACC) patients treated with chemo-irradiation.Materials and Methods:S.Zn values in 34 females with histopathologically (HP) proven LACC (>/= stage II B) were prospectively measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer pre- and post-treatment. Thirty-four age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were also evaluated for the parameter during the course of the study. After completion of treatment, the patients were divided into 2 groups based on the response, 1 - Complete response (CR) and 2 - Partial/No response (PR/NR). These groups were compared based on the observations of the studied parameter.Results:The mean post-treatment S.Zn values were significantly higher in group 1 as compared to group 2 (P < 0.05).Conclusion:In our study, patients achieving CR had higher mean levels of S.Zn compared to patients achieving PR/NR. We advocate further in-depth studies to evaluate the role of S.Zn in the prognosis of LACC patients treated with chemo-irradiation.