The prevalence of haemoprotozoan disease in crossbred cattle was studied by screening 132 clinically suspected blood samples by Geimsa's stained blood smear method. Among 132 crossbred cattle screened, 57 animals were found positive for haemoprotozoan parasites. Out of 57 positive cases, 41 were found positive for Theileria annulata and the remaining 16 were positive for Babesia bibemina. The highest prevalence was found in 4-6 year age group and in monsoon months. The hematological observation revealed reduced Hb, TEC and PCV in the infected animals. The treatment with buparvaquone and oxytetracyclin for theileriosis and diminazine aceturate for babesiosis are found effective.

Aim:Aim of the present study was to compare different methods, viz., Sheather's sugar flotation (SSF), Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), Kinyoun's acid-fast method (KAF), safranin-methylene blue staining (SMB), and negative staining techniques such as nigrosin staining, light green staining, and malachite green staining for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in bovines.Materials and Methods:A total of 455 fecal samples from bovines were collected from private, government farms and from the clinical cases presented to Department of Medicine, Veterinary College, Bengaluru. They were subjected for SSF, ZN, KAF, SMB and negative staining methods.Results:Out of 455 animal fecal samples screened 5.71% were found positive for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. The species were identified as Cryptosporidium parvum in calves and Cryptosporidium andersoni in adults based on the morphological characterization and micrometry of the oocysts.Conclusions:Of all the techniques, fecal flotation with sheather's was found to be more specific and sensitive method for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Among the conventional staining methods, the SMB gives better differentiation between oocysts and yeast. Among the three negative staining methods, malachite green was found sensitive over the other methods.

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Morphological characters of Setaria sp. collected from cattle and buffaloes were studied. Three species Setaria digitata, Setaria cervi and Setaria labiatopapillosa were identified in the present study. Out of the 500 cattle screened 187 were found to harbour worms. 56.8 % (106) of animals with S. digitata, 24.13 % (45) had S. cervi and 18.96 % (36) had S. labiatopapillosa. Morphological characters of male and female worms of all the three species were studied in detail.

The housefly, is a major domestic, medical and veterinary pest. The management of these flies reliance on insecticide, causes environmental constraints, insecticide resistance and residues in the meat, skin. Therefore one of the eco-friendly alternate methods is by using biological agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). In the present study evaluated the survival of EPN species, ,, and in poultry manure and also their efficacy against different developmental stages of house fly. After exposing to poultry manure, showed more survival as followed by, , and in all exposition period. When the exposition period extended to 96 h, all nematode species survivability was drastically reduced. After exposing these nematodes to poultry manure at 24 h their virulence capacity against wax moth, showed all the nematode species were able cause 100% mortality. However their progeny production was significantly reduced. Fly eggs and pupae were refractory to these nematode infection. Petri dish without artificial diet assay showed that, second and 3rd-instar larvae were highly susceptible to EPNs as compared to larvae provided with artificial diet. showed high virulence capacity compared to other nematodes tested. Poultry manure assay revealed that, and caused minimal mortality where as , and did not cause any mortality. This may be because of poor survival and limited movement of nematodes in poultry manure which may be due to ammonia, other toxic substances in poultry manure. The decrease in larval mortality in manure suggests that biocontrol of housefly by using EPNs is unlikely.