Background and Objective: Obesity is the adverse outcome of modern living which has affected both the physical and mental health. Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Plus are the most frequently purchased over the counter products by desperate obese persons in Pakistan having Garcinia cambogia (GC) as the main active ingredient. This study is conducted to determine the effect of GC containing Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Plus drugs on the morphology of hepatocytes in male albino mice. Methods: Ninety albino mice were divided into control group A, experimental groups B and C receiving Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Smart respectively. Each group was further divided into subgroup I and II and the drug was administered to experimental groups for 4 and 8 weeks respectively via oral gavage. After the completion of experiment, histological examination of liver was conducted. Results: Marked enlargement of hepatocytes was observed in experimental groups B and C (both I & II) along with ballooning degeneration and fatty change in the cytoplasm. Conclusion:Both Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Plus has hepatotoxic effects resulting in increase in hepatocyte size, ballooning degeneration and fatty change in liver cells.

Aim: Study was conducted to examine the different parameters of human thymus glands of young and old patients and compare the findings between both age groups. Study Design: Comparative/observational study Place and Study: Study was conducted at Anatomy department of Nishtar Medical University Hospital, Multan for duration of six months from 15th January 2020 to 15th July 2020. Methods: Total 54 specimens of human thymus of 54 patients were enrolled in this study. All specimens were divided in to two groups I and II, Group I contains 27 patients with ages <30 years and group II with 27 patients having ages 45 to 60 years. All specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution and then processed for paraffin embedding. Compare the different parameters such as thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, length and number of Hassal’s corpuscles between both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: In group I 12 (44.44%) patients were ages <15 years and 15 (55.56%) patients were ages >15 years. In group 13 (48.15%) and 14 (51.85%) patients were ages <50 years and >50 years. There was a significant difference observed between both groups regarding thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, quantity and length of Hassal’s corpuscles with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that patients with young age had significantly less thickness of thymic capsule and interlobular connective tissue with more in number and decreasing size of Hassal’s corpuscles as compared to old age patients. Keywords: Human Thymus Glands, Young Age, Old Age

Background: Obesity is growing continuously, and people opt for pharmacological therapies, which might have negative side effects. Objective: To study the effect of Garcinia Cambogia on body weight and safety profile regarding the morphology of the liver in albino mice. Methodology: This animal experimental study was conducted on, Ninety male albino mice were used by diving into three groups containing thirty mice each. Group I, was Control group, group II and III were experimental groups, given drugs A (Slim Smart) and B (Ultra Slim Plus) respectively via oral gavage. Each group was further subdivided into subgroups "a", drug was given for 4 weeks, and "b", the drug was given for 8 weeks. Control group animals were given plain distilled water via oral gavage tube. Body weight and weight of the liver was measured and its gross features were observed. Results: Mean body weight of animals significantly increased in intervention groups, at 4 weeks, p=0.000 and 8 weeks p=0.000. Mean body weights of animals in experimental group II and III in 4 weeks categories were 33.92±3.23 grams in group II and 28.46±3.53 grams in group III. The mean relative tissue weight index at 4 weeks for group II was 6.66±0.67 and for group III was 5.71±0.41, p=0.004, while at 8 weeks were 5.88±0.64 and 5.91±0.69, p=0.713, respectively. When observed at 8 weeks time, the animals of the group I had the normal color of the liver while the two experimental groups had all the animals with the abnormally pale color of liver, p=0.001. Conclusion:In this study, the herbal slimming agents, claiming to contain Garcinia Cambogia, did not reduce weight among albino mice, and are not safe for reducing weight.

Aim: Effects of available weight reducing drugs on the weights of a normal albino mice. Methodology: In this study, total 39 adult albino mice were used and were divided in three groups containing 13 animals in each. Group I served as control and was given 1 ml of distilled water once a day for 8 weeks. Group II and Group III served as experimental group and mice in these groups were given 0.5 mg of Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Plus drugs dissolved in 1 ml of distilled water respectively once a day for 8 weeks. To support these results weights of kidneys were also measured and relative tissue width index was calculated and compared with control group. Results: The weight of the animals increased in the experimental groups as compared to the control group. The overall difference for final weight among three groups was highly significant with p-value <0.01. When final weight compared group wise, the experimental groups had significantly higher weight as compared to control with p-values <0.01and 0.028 Conclusion: Both Ultra Slim Plus and Slim Smart drugs cause weight to increase in the individuals who are not obese and have BMI in normal range Keywords: Weight loss, Garcinia Cambodia, kidney, Albino mice