Locomotor activity requires fine balance control that strongly depends on the afferent input from the load receptors. Following hindlimb unloading (HU), the kinematic and EMG activity of the hindlimbs is known to change significantly. However, the effects of HU on the integrative control mechanisms of posture and locomotion are not clear. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the center of mass (CoM) dynamic stabilization and associated adaptive changes in the trunk and hindlimb muscle activity during locomotion after 7 days of HU. The EMG signals from the muscles of the low lumbar trunk (m. longissimus dorsi [VERT]) and the hind limb (m. tibialis anterior [TA], m. semitendinosus [ST], m. soleus [SOL]) were recorded together with the hindquarter kinematics during locomotion on a treadmill in 6 rats before and after HU. The CoM lateral shift in the step cycle significantly increased after HU and coincided with the enhanced activity of VERT. The mean EMG of the TA and the ST flexor activity increased significantly with reduction of their burst duration. These data demonstrate the disturbances of body balance after HU that can influence the basic parameters of locomotor activity. The load-dependent mechanisms resulted in compensatory adjustments of flexor activity toward a faster gait strategy, such as a trot or gallop, which presumably have supraspinal origin. The neuronal underpinnings of these integrative posture and locomotion mechanisms and their possible reorganization after HU are discussed.

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The article examines the problems of innovative transformations of domestic industries in view of the state and attractiveness of the innovative environment, in which the leading place belongs to scientific research. It was noted that among all spheres of activity, it was science that suffered the most significant losses. In Ukraine, there is a tendency to reduce the number of researchers, which leads to a gradual degradation of the scientific potential. The state of technology transfer according to the first, second and third strategic priorities is of concern because this is a real sector of the economy on which the country's competitiveness depends and which needs reengineering transformations in the first place. The concept of technological reengineering in conditions of clustering of the national economy relies on enterprises of the high-tech sector. The science-intensive sector in Ukraine generates GDP at the level of the most backward countries in the world due to too few types of economic activity (FDI) that meet the criteria of high technology. At the same time, its share of added value in output is the largest among other technological sectors. This shows that science produces high-tech and competitive products. The cluster with its system of connections is aimed at creating systems of machines that meet the needs of the market. For modern clusters of knowledge-intensive production, such a task can be accomplished if attention is focused not only on resource provision, but also on various (several) determinants of market demand, which are formed on the types of market activity. It is justified that the cluster with its communication system is aimed at creating machine systems that meet the needs of the market. The combination of all components of the effect has a positive effect on the readiness of firms and organizations to cooperate with cluster structures, and this is a factor of regional development.

Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases in the world with a great variety of symptoms and clinical features. The true prevalence rates in the general population are not known, but according to different authors, endometriosis is to be found in 10% in women of reproductive age. According to different publications, around half of the patients with infertility were diagnosed with endometriosis which change the significance of this disease from the only female to a socio-economical problem. In this chapter, we will focus on the current view on endometriosis-associated infertility, from superficial to adenomyosis, with a closer view of surgical treatment, as it is still the standard of care for diagnosis and in severe cases-treatment of the disease.