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The Chrysanthemum also known as mums or chrysenths, are useful in ornamental applications, insecticidal, air pollution reducer, perfume production etc. The Phoma causes infection to Chrysanthemum which results in serious lesion. The present study reports protection of Chrysanthemum against fungal infection. The morphology of Phoma chrysanthemicola was studied in PDA, CZA and MEA medium. The pathogenicity of fungus was examined on different variety of chrysanthemum plants. The control of P. chrysanthemicola was contemplated by utilizing some commercial available fungicides and extract of medicinal plants. The organism causes root rot and ray blight to Chrysanthemum plants. Chrysanthemum sp. 2 was found more sensitive to pathogen took after by Chrysanthemum sp. 1 and 3. Relationship between diseases severity and incubation period of pathogen with various chrysanthemum plant was found R2 0.95, 0.97 and 0.87 for Chrysanthemum sp. 1, 2 and 3. Carbendazim was recorded more effective on P. chrysanthemicola followed by mancozeb and zineb with P value of 0.065 at 0.05 level. Azadirachta indica extract and plant extract from methanolic solvent were found more effective against P. chrysanthemicola. Now it is presumed that fungal pathogen has strong ability to infect chrysanthemum but chemical and biological alternate can control the chrysanthemum against pathogen.

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Lead is important heavy metal found in different parts of the world and its high concentration releases in the environment due to anthropogenic activities. Industries are major sources of emission of lead in the environment. In present study, lead concentration was studied from coal based iron manufacturing industries, iron casting industry and petrochemical industry. The lead concentrations were studied from May, 2010 to April, 2011. All studied industries release lead concentration higher than the permissible limit of standard. Fungi were isolated from industrial effluent containing more than 1.0 mg LG 1 of lead concentration. Dominant fungi isolated from high concentration of lead were further studied for tolerance against lead nitrate. Total 161 colonies of 37 species were isolated from industrial effluent in which genera of Aspergillus were found dominant. Maximum fungi were obtained from Columbia Petrochemical industry. Diversity of fungi is affected according to season and industries. Some fungi were found in all three season and also in high concentration of lead contaminated waste water. The dominant fungi were found tolerant against high concentration of lead nitrate. Hence, these fungi will utilize as biosorbent for absorption of lead from aqueous solution using ecofriendly method.