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Microbial keratitis after aCXL is rare; however, the infection tends to be severe with high preponderance of mixed infection and resistance to fourth-generation fluoroquinolones.

Phacoemulsification is the most commonly performed cataract surgery in this era. With all the recent advances in investigations and management of cataract through phacoemulsification, most of the patients are able to achieve excellent visual outcome. Corneal edema after phacoemulsification in the immediate postoperative period often leads to patient dissatisfaction and worsening of outcome. Delayed onset corneal edema often warrants endothelial keratoplasty. This review highlights the etiopathogenesis, risk factors, and management of corneal edema in the acute phase including descemet's membrane detachment (DMD) and toxic anterior segment syndrome. Various investigative modalities such as pachymetry, specular microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and confocal microscopy have been discussed briefly.

Referenc e Organism Source of literatur e Type Common causes Common risk factors Characteristic Manifestation Treatment Outcome Other ocular manifestations 27-33 Pythium spp. Case series Filamentous fungus P. insidiosum, CL, farming, contaminated water and trauma, thalassemia Necrotic ulcer with surrounding dot-like and tentacle-like corneal infiltrates Azithromyc in, clarithromy cin, minocyclin e, tigecycline, TPK Poor, Recurrences are common Scleritis 36,44,45 Alternaria spp.