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Background and Aims: Hyperglycemia increases inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Background and Aims: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to a defect of insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. There are increasing evidence that active compounds of medicinal plants may be used to treat diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3methoxy-phenyl)-chroman-4-one flavonoid compound of the Swietenia macrophylla King seed on homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) gene expression in diabetic rats. Materials and Method: Thirty Wistar rats were used with 5 in each group as follows: 1) normal rats; 2) diabetic rats; 3) diabetic rats with metformin; 4), 5) and 6) diabetic rats with a 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenly)-chroman-4one 10, 30 and 90 mg/200 g body weight (BW) respectively. Blood glucose and insulin levels were analyzed before and after treatment. At the end of the study, the liver tissue was removed for quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. Results: Blood glucose levels decreased significantly (p<0.05) in diabetic rats with metformin and three different dosages of 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenly)-chroman-4-one. Insulin levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in diabetic rats with metformin and diabetic rats with 10 mg/200 g BW of 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenly)-chroman-4-one. HOMA-IR value decreased significantly (p<0.05) in diabetic rats with metformin and three different dosages of 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenly)-chroman-4-one. There was a significant decrease of PEPCK gene expression in the group with 90 mg/200 g BW of 7hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenly)-chroman-4-one. RBP4 gene expression showed a decline, but the difference between groups was not statistically different. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenly)-chroman-4one increased insulin and decreased blood glucose level, HOMA-IR value and PEPCK gene expression.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate order (ESRO), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), red cell distribution width (RDW), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are hematological parameters that reflect the presence of biomarkers in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). This study evaluated the best haematological parameter in order to distinguish between EOC patients and healthy individuals. There were a total of 33 patients with EOC as subjects treated in Dr. Sardjito hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia and 32 volunteer subjects as controls. Curves of receiver operation, area under the curve, specificity, and sensitivity were estimated. To demonstrate EOC's presence, the ESRO was better than the hematological parameters of RDW, PLR, and NLR (AUC = 0.9245, 0.9010, 0.8351, and 0.7457, respectively; sensitivity and specificity = 83.3 and 90.6; 88.9 and 87.5; 100.0 and 68.8; and 94.4 and 53.1, respectively) at the cut-off points 1,125, 44.2, 163.2, and 2,551. Hence, ESRO is a better parameter to indicate the presence of EOC compared to RDW, PLR and NLR.

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