Introduction: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity, both in developing and developed countries and is the commonest cause (10%) of hospitalization. CAP mortality is variable depending on the site of care; it is less than 1% in the outpatient setting, around 5% in inpatients not requiring ICU care, up to 25% in intubated patients, and near 50% in ICU patients requiring vasopressors. The aim of this study was to analyse the mode of presentation of pneumonias, its clinical features, bacteriological and radiological features for the early detection of disease, the causative agent and to find out the complications. Material and methods: This was a prospective study which included total 50 cases. Patient with acute onset of fever associated chills and rigors and patients with chest pain, breathlessness and cough with expectoration were selected as pneumonia patients. Blood for WBC Count and Differential Count were done. Sputum for gram stain, AFB, and Culture were done. Chest X-ray PA view were performed to know the site of consolidation. ELISA was also done to rule out HIV infection. Results: The age group in this study group varied from 18-85 years, most of them were between 30-70 years of which 56.0% were <60 years. The incidence of CAP was most common in men (74%) compared to female (26%). The associated diseases in this study were COPD (22.0%). The commonest presenting symptoms were fever (100%), cough (100%), expectoration (92%); other symptoms include dyspnoea (78%), and chest pain (62%). Conclusion: In our study prognosis was good with mortality of 8%, about 4 patients died due to respiratory failure. Most of the patients recovered without any complications, expect in patients with COPD, symptoms were not completely reduced and were advised for follow-up.

Background: Pharmacological treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly based on inhaled medications. Inappropriate use of inhalers due to the unrecovered peak inhalation ow rate (PIFR) results in an increased risk of early treatment failure. Therefore, this study was carried out to address the error patterns in using dry powder inhalers (DPI) versus pressurized metered-dose inhalers (MDI) inhaler devices among COPD patients with acute exacerbation. For this Methods: prospective cohort study, a cohort of 138 COPD patients with acute exacerbation were included from a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka. The inhalation technique and PIFR were evaluated at discharge and twice in follow-up at 15-day and 90 days intervals based on a list of the most common errors in the inhalation techniques. About 63% Results: of patients had comorbidities. The average length of hospital stay was 7.8 days and the mean PIFR value at discharge was 58.9L/min. About 51.4% of the COPD patients were MDI users and 48.6% were DPI users. The most frequent errors were inappropriate inhaling and short breath holding time for DPI (89.6% and 88.1%) and MDI (84.5% and 94.3%) device users, respectively. At follow-ups, these errors- inhaling deeply and shortbreath holding time continued to occur signicantly during 90-day follow-ups for DPI (79.1% and 82.1%) and MDI (79.2% and 90.1%) device users, respectively. However, the breath-out and mouthpiece placing errors were reduced signicantly at 90 days of follow-up among the DPI (50.7% and 40.3%, respectively) and MDI users (47.9% and 19.8%, respectively). Inappropriate inhali Conclusions: ng and short breath holding time were the most frequent and major errors made by inhaler device users. This emphasizes the training in proper inhalation techniques for COPD patients treated with inhalers