Objectives: The objectives of this study were to see the effect of coffee on Heart rate Blood pressure and ECG changes in nicotine users.Methods: The study was conducted on 120 volunteers aged 21-40 years and with body mass index (BMI) between 17.3-28.0 kg /m2 .The subjects were divided into two groups: Control (n=40) and Study group (n=80).Results: Observation suggests that increment in blood pressure, recorded in study group after coffee ingestion, was lesser than that of control group.  We also observed that there were no significant changes in diastolic blood pressure in any group while the mean arterial pressure was higher in both the groups following coffee ingestion.Conclusion: Coffee ingestion decreases the  heart rate   with no changes in QTc, hence we concluded that less amount of coffee ingestion may not be harmful.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10090Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 46-48

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Background: Isolated lipid derangements are no longer considered as an ideal tool to predict cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. Hence, novel parameters, that is, lipid ratios are being resorted to label CV risk. However, which of the ratios stand out as the most specific, sensitive, and earliest predictor in individual cases is still to be elucidated. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study correlation of cholesterol ratios and conventional isolated lipid parameters as CV risk markers to anthropometric and hemodynamic variables in healthy overweight/obese subjects. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical, observational, and pilot study enrolling 30 overweight/obese subjects as cases and 30 non-obese subjects as controls segregated on basis of body mass index (BMI) and WHR. All subjects with secondary cause of abnormal blood flow were excluded from the study. Blood pressure measurement and venous blood sampling for serum glucose and fasting lipid parameters were duly done. Results: Of all the isolated lipid values and the three lipid ratios (Total Chl a [T. Chl]/high density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL]/HDL, triglyceride [TG]/HDL), the two groups differing significantly only in T. Chl/HDL ratio which, in turn, significantly strongly positively correlated to both LDL/HDL and TG/HDL ratio ([r = 0.684, P = 0.000] [r = 0.433, P = 0.001]), respectively. All the physical hemodynamic parameters (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure) were significantly different in both groups but none of them correlated with the lipid parameters. Of the two (waist hip ratio and BMI) anthropometric measures, only BMI had significant positive moderate strength correlation to lipid parameters and ratios. Conclusion: T. Chl/HDL ratio seems to be the ideal lipid marker in early prediction of CV disease in apparently healthy obese subjects. Lipid derangements in apparently healthy mild-to-moderate grade obese subjects may not universally present with hemodynamic derangements.

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Objective: The aim of the study was to study the degree of compliance of primary care anesthesia dispensing companies in following the pricing norms set by drug price control order 2013 (DPCO). Methods: This is an observational and analytical study where the dosage, strength, and ceiling price of the generic primary care anesthetics were obtained from the National pharmaceutical pricing authority updated price list 2022 and similar data of their various counterpart brands were obtained from www.medguideindia.com. Thereafter, comparisons of their ceiling price along with the brands cost range, cost ratio, and percent cost variation were sought. Results: Our study retrieved 150 brands of total 11 injectable/topical primary care anesthetics available in India of which 39.33% brands had prices more than DPCO recommended ceiling price. Maximum price violation (90%) was noticed with brands of Inj. Midazolam 5 mg/mL. The maximum cost variation and cost ratio was seen with brands of Inj. Lignocaine 1–2% (10 mg/mL) of 148.37% and 149.37, respectively. Conclusion: The adjuvant sedative hypnotic, Midazolam which is often used to supplement the action of primary sedative hypnotics in inducing general anesthesia, violating price ceiling is a matter of great concern as it would adversely impact the primary patient care; the most basic level of health care which almost whole population needs at some time or the other. Similarly adding to the misery of the common man is the maximum cost ratio and percent cost variation of the local anesthetic, Inj. Lignocaine 1–2% as it continues its prominence as the most widely used local anesthetic agent.