There is vast literature available about prevalence and pattern of substance use in patients with Chronic mental illness such as Schizophrenia. Many of these studies have also investigated the issues related to the impact of substance use on the course and prognosis of the mental illness and vice versa. The factors affecting the use and its impact on treatment have also been studied to some extent in the Western countries. Estimates of the prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia and major affective disorder vary as a function of settings (e.g., community, hospital-in-patient vs. out-patient), demographic characteristics of the sample and assessment methods, with most prevalence rates ranging between15% to 65%. Patients with Chronic Mental illnesses and Substance use disorders are difficult to treat and many models for their management have been proposed. This chapter will deal with some of these issues.

Chronic mental illnesses are common to find in routine clinical practice and suicide is one of the dreaded outcomes. The concept under defining chronic mental illness has evolved in few decades as now the critical elements for defining the chronic mental illness are psychiatric diagnosis, functional disability, and illness duration. There are various studies on prevalence of suicide and especially in patients with CMI. There is rising trend of research on suicide in patient with psychiatric illness in last decade and found ever over thousand published article in year 2014. This chapter will include literature based on various aspect of suicide including neurobiological factors like neurotransmitters, neural circuits, genetic and epigenetic factors, response on pharmacotherapy and newer generation novel treatment strategies and various psychosocial factors.

A significant proportion of the Child and Adolescent population suffer from a psychological or psychiatric disorder. It is estimated that at least 20% of the child and adolescent population is affected mental health problems and largely this is undetected. Some of the mental health problems are severe and disabling and tend to be chronic in nature. Childhood forms an important phase in the development period of life during which one develops physically, emotionally, socially, intellectually and morally. Chronic and severe mental health problems in children impact the overall development of the child thereby leading to significant and lifelong disability. The scope of this chapter has been narrowed to include two important chronic mental illness in children mainly Schizophrenia and Bipolar Mood Disorder. The Authors will discuss the clinical features, course, outcome and treatment strategies. Special issues in children are also discussed in terms of diagnosis and treatment.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), 235 million people suffer from respiratory illnesses and four million people die annually due to air pollution. Regular lung health monitoring can lead to prognoses about deteriorating lung health conditions. This paper presents our system SpiroMask that retrofits a microphone in consumer-grade masks (N95 and cloth masks) for continuous lung health monitoring. We evaluate our approach on 48 participants (including 14 with lung health issues) and find that we can estimate parameters such as lung volume and respiration rate within the approved error range by the American Thoracic Society (ATS). Further, we show that our approach is robust to sensor placement inside the mask.CCS Concepts: • Human-centered computing → Ubiquitous and mobile computing design and evaluation methods.

Chronic mental illnesses are common to find in routine clinical practice and suicide is one of the dreaded outcomes. The concept under defining chronic mental illness has evolved in few decades as now the critical elements for defining the chronic mental illness are psychiatric diagnosis, functional disability, and illness duration. There are various studies on prevalence of suicide and especially in patients with CMI. There is rising trend of research on suicide in patient with psychiatric illness in last decade and found ever over thousand published article in year 2014. This chapter will include literature based on various aspect of suicide including neurobiological factors like neurotransmitters, neural circuits, genetic and epigenetic factors, response on pharmacotherapy and newer generation novel treatment strategies and various psychosocial factors.