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APETALA1 (AP1) and CAULIFLOWER (CAL) are involved in floral meristem identity and suppress the inflorescence meristem program in flower meristem in Arabidopsis thaliana. Based on the ap1 mutant phenotype genetic studies demonstrated that it is involved in sepal and petal identity specification as well as bract suppression in flower. Despite having high sequence similarity with AP1, its closest paralog CAL does not show a defect in flower development. In ap1 cal1 double mutant, floral meristem turns into inflorescence meristem resulting in a cauliflower like phenotype. cal mutants appear like wild type, suggesting that AP1 compensates its function. Here, we report that AP1 can replace CAL by interacting its potential interactors. Functional studies using the truncated version of AP1 confirmed that the C-terminal domain of AP1 is exclusively involved in floral organ identity specification.Transcription factors PPIs Protein-protein interactions Y2H Yeast-two-hybrid Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are highly proliferative cells that can self-renew indefinitely in vitro. Upon receiving appropriate signals, PSCs undergo differentiation and can generate every cell type in the body. These unique properties of PSCs require specific gene expression patterns that define stem cell identity and dynamic regulation of intracellular metabolism to support cell growth and cell fate transitions. PSCs are prone to DNA damage due to elevated replicative and transcriptional stress. Therefore, mechanisms to prevent deleterious mutations in PSCs that compromise stem cell function or increase the risk of tumor formation from becoming amplified and propagated to progenitor cells are essential for embryonic development and for using PSCs including induced PSCs (iPSCs) as a cell source for regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss the role of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily in maintaining PSC homeostasis, and propose how their activities can influence cellular signaling and stem cell fate decisions. Finally, we highlight recent discoveries that not all ABC family members perform only canonical metabolite and peptide transport functions in PSCs; rather, they can participate in diverse cellular processes from genome surveillance to gene transcription and mRNA translation, which are likely to maintain the pristine state of PSCs.