Objective To determine the rate of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) use, current practices, and long-term follow-up. Study Design Prospective cross-sectional national survey with 19 questions related to the assessment of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and TH practices. An online questionnaire was made available to health care professionals working in neonatal care in Brazil. Results A total of 1,092 professionals replied, of which 681 (62%) reported using TH in their units. Of these, 624 (92%) provided TH practices details: 136 (20%) did not use any neurologic score or amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) to assess encephalopathy and 81(13%) did not answer this question. Any specific training for encephalopathy assessment was provided to only 81/407 (19%) professionals. Infants with mild HIE are cooled according to 184 (29%) of the respondents. Significant variations in practice were noticed concerning time of initiation and cooling methods, site of temperature measurements and monitoring, and access to aEEG, electroencephalogram (EEG), and neurology consultation. Only 19% could perform a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 31% reported having a well-established follow-up program for these infants. Conclusion TH has been implemented in Brazil but with significant heterogeneity for most aspects of hypothermia practices, which may affect safety or efficacy of the therapy. A step forward toward quality improvement is important.

Objective: To assess compliance with standard precautions by health professionals in two hospitals.Method: This is a descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, conducted in two hospitals in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The sample is composed of health professionals who work in health care. Study developed in the period between February 2019 and February 2020. In order to collect data, the we used: 1- Individual and professional information form; 2- Brazilian Portuguese version of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hypothesis tests.Results: The study was attended by 366 (100.0%) health professionals. The overall score of compliance with standard precautions was 13.4 (66.8%), ranging from 4 to 20. As for the average of the scores between the institutions, the professionals from hospital 1 had an average of 12.6 and those from hospital 2 showed a compliance of 13.6.Conclusions: Compliance with standard precautions among health professionals did not happen in its entirety Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimiento de las precauciones estándar por parte de los profesionales de la salud en dos hospitales.Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en dos hospitales del Estado de Rio de Janeiro. La muestra está compuesta por profesionales de la salud que trabajan en la asistencia. Estudio desarrollado en el período comprendido entre febrero de 2019 y febrero de 2020. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó lo siguiente: 1- Formulario de información individual y profesional; 2- Versión en portugués brasileño de la Escala de Cumplimiento de Precauciones Estándar. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y pruebas de hipótesis.Resultados: El estudio incluyó a 366 (100,0%) profesionales de la salud. La puntuación global de cumplimiento de las precauciones estándar fue de 13,4 (66,8%), con un rango de 4 a 20. En cuanto a la media de las puntuaciones entre las instituciones, los profesionales del hospital 1 tuvieron una media de 12,6 y el hospital 2 mostró un cumplimiento de 13,6.Conclusiones: El cumplimiento de las precauciones estándar entre los profesionales de la salud no se produjo en su totalidad. Objetivo: Avaliar o cumprimento às precauções-padrão por profissionais de saúde de dois hospitais. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em dois hospitais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A amostra é composta por profissionais de saúde que atuam na assistência. Estudo desenvolvido no período entre fevereiro de 2019 até fevereiro de 2020. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados: 1- Formulário de informações individuais e profissionais; 2- Versão para o Português do Brasil da Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale. Os dados foram analisados utilizando estatística descritiva e testes de hipótese. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 366 (100,0%) profissionais de saúde. O escore geral de cumprimento das precauções-padrão foi de 13,4 (66,8%) variando entre 4 e 20. Quanto a média dos escores entre as instituições, os profissionais do hospital 1 obtiveram uma média de 12,6 e o hospital 2 apresentou 13,6 de cumprimento.Conclusões: O cumprimento às precauções-padrão entre profissionais de saúde não aconteceu em sua totalidade.

Once more visiting cross-disciplinarity, the current Dossier "Civil and Military Relationships and National Security", like the previous Dossier, "History and Intelligence", features themes that have been steadily more and more studied in the country and in Latin America. The importance of research into themes associated with defense, strategic studies and security have been recognized nationally, by means of the Ministry of the Defense, for example, who has been encouraging the debate in the civil society, fostering research by means of announcements and awards and promoting the dialogue with CAPES and CNPq, and internationally with the creation of research institutions such as Red de Seguridad y Defensa de America Latina (RESDAL). From an analysis of the behavior of military people and the use of violence that goes back to the 1970s, conducted by a small number of researchers, following the example of the pioneer work by Eliézzer Rizzo de Oliveira, 1 these analyses, in 1980 and 1990, took a different approach to civil-military relationships, lending special relevance to works such as those by João Roberto Martins Filho, 2 Jorge Zaverucha, 3 and the trilogy produced by the Centre of Research and Documentation of Fundação Getúlio Vargas-CPDOC/FGV-, under the responsibility of Maria Celina D´Araújo, Celso Castro and Gláucio Ary Dilon Soares. 4 Today, such analyses also discuss the likely use of force and the political use of the armed forces, following the examples of the articles below. As a whole, work on the concept of national security opens the door to a whole range of possibilities, so, after all, what do we understand for safety? Safety

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