El presente trabajo se propone discutir sobre la crisis ambiental actual y los argumentos que enmarcan la naturaleza del problema como crisis social de magnitudes planetarias y que involucra diversos ámbitos: cultura, educación, instituciones, historia, sociedad, ecología, política, gobierno, economía, etcétera. Las causas de la crisis en el ámbito global tienen los mismos orígenes, pero no las mismas consecuencias, según sean países desarrollados o en vías de desarrollo. Algunas posturas teóricas consideran que el desarrollo se alcanza transitando etapas, entre ellas la degradación ecológica para aspirar al desarrollo. Sin embargo, el presente cuestiona el paradigma actual de desarrollo y enmarca las etapas en formas de relación, consumo-degradación ambiental, planteando formas alternativas bajo pautas que apoyan la reflexión para la construcción de sociedades sustentables. Se ilustran las formas básicas de dicha relación (crecimiento económico/consumo y calidad ambiental); y bajo este esquema se retoman los principios del desarrollo sustentable, el eco-desarrollo y el desarrollo a escala humana. Se plantea una lógica de cambio gradual de paradigma, con inclusión de actores clave, que implicaría el entendimiento formas diferentes de desempeño en: consumo, eco-tecnias, innovación ambiental, energías renovables y generación de desechos.
The objective of this article was to analyze the factors that influence micro, small and medium-sized Mexican companies in the adoption of e-commerce. Data from the 2019 Economic Census, conducted by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, were used. The sample included 135 775 companies that reported online revenues in 2019. For the analysis of the information, Tornatzky and Fleischer's technology, organization and environment framework was taken as a basis, and a multiple linear regression model by firm size was created. The results reveal that firm size, cash sales, having a website and intranet access have a negative relationship for e-commerce adoption, while access to and use of e-mail, computers and the Internet have a positive relationship. This is because technological integration becomes less important as the company grows, going from being a facilitator to an inhibitor of the acceptance of online sales. This paper demonstrates that technological, organizational and environmental characteristics have significant effects on the adoption of e-commerce by MSMEs in Mexico; the findings may be of help to owners and managers, as well as to policy makers in Mexico responsible for expanding the number of firms adopting e-commerce.
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