Crenças alimentares no aleitamento materno. Um estudo entre gestantes e nutrizes atendidas em uma maternidade pública no município de São Paulo Food beliefs in breastfeeding. A study among pregnant and lactating attended in a public maternity hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil Resumo Introdução: O leite materno é a melhor e mais adequada fonte de nutrientes, fatores de proteção e fortale cimento emocional para o lactente durante o seu primeiro ano de vida. A cultura, a crença e os tabus têm influenciado de forma crucial a prática do aleitamento materno, principalmente, quanto à alimentação da nutriz. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar as restrições alimentares às quais se submetem as puérperas, acreditando contribuir favoravelmente para a sua saúde e a do bebê. Método: Estudo realizado com 30 mães atendidas em uma maternidade pública no município de São Paulo. Aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas abertas para avaliação das atitudes e práticas em amamentação, especialmente relacionadas à restrição alimentar materna. Resultados: Os dados encontrados neste estudo apontaram para a existência de tabus e crenças com relação à alimentação durante a lactação. Os alimentos mais citados como restritos foram: refrigerantes (43%), alimentos gordurosos (37%), bebidas alcoólicas (27%), seguidos de chocolate (20%), pimenta (20%) e café (17%). O principal motivo alegado para que tais alimentos não fossem consumidos foi a possibilidade de causar cólicas na criança. Por outro lado, os alimentos citados como benéficos para a lactação foram frutas, verduras e legumes (43%) e leite e derivados (43%). Conclusões: Não foram identificadasrestrições alimentares preocupantes ligadas às crenças das entrevistadas, porém reforça-se aqui a necessidade de orienta ções adequadas às lactantes dentro de um sólido e eficiente programa de educação nutricional, afastando os fatores que possam colaborar com o desmame precoce.Palavras-chave: aleitamento materno; nutrição materna; tabu alimentar. AbstractIntroduction: Breast milk is undoubtedly the best and most appropriate source of nutrients, protective factors and emotional strength to the infant during its first year of life. Culture, belief and taboos have crucially influenced the practice of breastfeeding, especially on the mother nourishment. Objective:This study aimed to identify possible dietary restrictions which the mothers undergo, believing they are contributing positively to their health and her baby. Method: This study was conducted with 30 mothers attended in a public maternity hospital in São Paulo. It was applied a questionnaire with open questions to assess attitudes and practices on breastfeeding, especially related to maternal food self-restriction. Results: The results of this study point to the existence of taboos and beliefs regarding nutrition during lactation. The foods most commonly cited as restricted were: soft drinks (43%), fatty foods (37%), alcohol (27%), followed by chocolate (20%), pepper (20%) and coffee (17%). The main reasons given for ...

RESUMO GOMES, P. R. Indicadores ambientais na discussão da sustentabilidade: uma proposta de análise estratégica no contexto do etanol de cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo. 167 p.

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Sugarcane ethanol is considered a renewable energy source and has emerged as a potential alternative to reduce dependency on fossil fuels, particularly in Brazil. However, there are some questions about how sustainable this energy source is, given the impacts from its production and use on a larger scale. To understand and achieve sustainability, it is essential to build tools that can assess an integrated conception and help decision-makers to establish public policies for a sustainable development. The indicators appear as such tools by capturing the complexity without reducing the significance of each system's component. The environmental indicators such as water quality indicator represent the level of water pollution, considering several parameters. The importance of the development, selection and validation of environmental indicators through a structured and cohesive process becomes essential. In the State of São Paulo, in Brazil, the environmental indicators, as well as policies based on them, are defined by the Environmental Secretariat (SMA/SP). This article presents an environmental indicator's evaluation method and reports based on the discussions about sustainability for the ethanol sugarcane context in the State of São Paulo. The method consists of interviews and an expert's workshop which pointed out a set of benchmarks for the evaluation of environmental indicators. The procedures were applied to an indicator used by the SMA/SP to illustrate the method's effectiveness. The results show that a strategic analysis framework can improve the environmental indicators required for the discussion on sustainability, providing a better guide to decision-makers.

Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter belonging to the catecholamine family, which acts on the central nervous system. This catecholamine plays a key role in regulating a variety of functions, such as motor and cognitive functions. This class of neurotransmitters is important for normal neurophysiology and is also the target of a broad spectrum of therapeutic and illicit agents. Evaluating the interaction of these neurotransmitters, in particular, dopamine with water molecules, is crucial for a better understanding of the conformational preferences of dopamine in solution, which consequently assists in the design of new drugs for the treatment of diseases associated with a malfunction of the system, and direct measurement, which is particularly essential for early warning of certain diseases. In this sense, the objective of this work is to examine the effects of aqueous solvation on the geometric and electronic parameters of dopamine using Car-Parrinelo Molecular Dynamics. The Car-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics simulation was performed using the CPMD program package (Version 4.1). The results indicate that dopamine interact swith several water molecules, with the formation of hydrogen bonds. In particular, there are two hydrogen bonds (H5···Owf and N3···Hwd) with an infinite residence time that strongly suggests the protonation of these groups.