Aim: The present investigation has been conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Curcuma longa against lead induced toxicity.Materials and Methods: For this study, 24 Wistar albino rats were taken. Control group (n=8), group -I rats (n=8) were given lead acetate @ 1000 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) and group -II rats (n=8) were treated with Curcuma longa @ 500 mg/kg BW along with lead acetate @ 1000 mg/kg BW (daily orally for 28 days). Serum biomarkers, oxidative stress parameters and lead concentration in liver were estimated.Results: Oral administration of lead acetate for 28 days resulted in a significant increase in Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), significant increase of Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease in Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Reduced glutathione (GSH) and increase in lead accumulation in liver. Treatment with Curcuma longa @ 500 mg/kg BW significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the elevated ALP, (p < 0.05) AST, ALT, LPO levels and increase in GSH levels and as compared to lead acetate treated group. But there was no significant difference in SOD level and lead concentration in liver when compared with lead acetate treated group. Conclusions:The study concludes that supplementation of Curcuma longa @ 500 mg/kg daily oral for 28 days has shown protection against lead inducedhepatotoxicity.

Objectives:The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the nephroprotective activity of Tephrosia purpurea (TPE) against arsenic-induced toxicity.Materials and Methods:Twenty four number of wistar rats were equally divided into three groups. Sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg) was orally given to group I for 28 days, additionally group II was orally treated with TPE (500 mg/kg), while the control group was kept untreated with neither arsenic nor TPE. Serum biomarker levels, oxidative stress indices and arsenic concentration in kidney were estimated. Histopathology of kidney was also conducted.Results:Group II animals show significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine, and increased serum albumin level compared to group I. The higher lipid peroxidation with exhausted superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione level were noticed in group I compared to group II. There was no significant difference in arsenic accumulation in kidneys between the two arsenic treated groups, but the histopathology of kidney of group II rats revealed reduced necrosis and intact tubular architecture as compared to group I.Conclusions:Tephrosia Purpurea extract has a significant role in protecting the animals from arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity.

Aim:The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of Tephrosia purpurea (TP) against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) induced sub-acute toxicity in rats.Materials and Methods:Twenty four wistar albino rats of either sex were randomly divided into three groups. Group II and III were orally administered with sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg) daily in drinking water for 28 days. Additionally Group III was orally treated with hydro-alcoholic extract of Tephrosia purpurea (TP) @ 500 mg/kg daily for the same time period, whereas only deionized water was given to Group I (control). Serum biomarker levels, oxidative stress parameters and arsenic concentration were assessed in liver. Histopathology was also conducted.Results:It has been seen that TPE (500 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.01) reduced serum ALT, AST, ALP activity and increased total protein and reduced necrosis and inflammation in liver of group III compared to group II. A significantly (P < 0.01) higher LPO and lower GSH levels without change in SOD activity in liver was also observed in group II compared to group III, though there was no significant difference in arsenic accumulation between them. The plant extract also protects the animals of group III from significant (P < 0.01) reduction in body weight.Conclusion:Our study shows that supplementation of Tephrosia purpurea extract (500 mg/kg) could ameliorate the hepatotoxic action of arsenic.

Aim: The present study was undertaken to determine the physico-chemical properties and heavy metals in drinking water samples collected from different sources in and around Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Materials and Methods:A total number of 100 water samples were collected from different sources like hand pumps (44), wells (27), taps (20), rivers (3) and ponds (6). The gross appearance, taste, odour, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, alkalinity, conductivity, total dissolved solid, salinity and the concentration of lead and cadmium were analyzed.

Aim: The present investigation has been conducted to evaluate the protective activity of Tephrosia purpurea extract (TPE) against arsenic induced toxicity. Materials and Methods:For this study, twenty four wistar albino rats were taken. Control group, group -I rats were given sodium arsenite @ 10 mg/kg and group -II rats were treated with TPE @ 500 mg/kg along with sodium arsenite @ 10 mg/kg th (daily oral for 28 days). On 29 day animals were slaughtered and various parameters were determined. Serum biomarkers, haematological parameter analysis and histomorphological examination are carried out with estimation of arsenic concentration in tissues.Results: Oral administration of sodium arsenite @ 10 mg/kg for 28 days resulted in a significant decrease in Hb%, TEC and TLC, significant increase of serum glucose, cholesterol, calcium and significant increase in arsenic accumulation in tissues. Histopathological results of intestine revealed haemorrhagic enteritis along with loss of villi. Treatment with Tephrosia purpurea @ 500 mg/kg significantly decreased the elevated glucose, LDH levels, along with significant increase haematological levels towards normal. There was reduced haemorrhagic enteritis and presence of intact villi, as compared to arsenic treated group. But there was no significant difference in serum calcium, serum cholesterol and arsenic concentration in tissues, when compared with arsenic treated group. Conclusion:The study conclude that supplementation of TPE (500 mg/kg) daily oral for 28 days has shown protection against arsenic induced toxicity by its protective effect.