In this work we overhaul previous studies of Flavor Changing Neutral Current processes in the context of the Reduced Minimal 3-3-1 model(RM331). We sift the individual contributions from the CP even scalars and the Z gauge boson using two different parametrizations schemes and compare our results with current measurements. In particular, studying the B 0 −B 0 meson system we find the most stringent bounds in the literature on this model, namely M Z 3326 GeV, M V ± 910 GeV, M U ++ 914 GeV and m h 0 2 889 GeV.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant public health issue causing both hospital and community-associated infections worldwide. Besides, some strains can also produce enterotoxins, which aggravate the patient clinical condition (Rabelo et al., 2014). MRSA harbours the gene mecA encoding PBP2a, a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein (PBP), that allows the bacteria to grow in the presence of drug concentrations that otherwise would be considered inhibitory (Paterson et al., 2014). This gene is

Honey bees play a critical role in ecosystem health, biodiversity maintenance, and crop yield. Antimicrobials, such as tetracyclines, are used widely in agriculture, medicine, and in bee keeping, and bees can be directly or indirectly exposed to tetracycline residues in the environment. In European honey bees, tetracycline exposure has been linked with shifts in the gut microbiota that negatively impact bee health. However, the effects of antimicrobials on Africanized honey bee gut microbiota have not been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tetracycline exposure on the gut microbial community of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera scutellata x spp.), which are important pollinators in South, Central, and North America. Bees (n = 1,000) were collected from hives in Areia-PB, Northeastern Brazil, placed into plastic chambers and kept under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. The control group (CON) was fed daily with syrup (10 g) consisting of a 1:1 solution of demerara sugar and water, plus a solid protein diet (10 g) composed of 60% soy extract and 40% sugar syrup. The tetracycline group (TET) was fed identically but with the addition of tetracycline hydrochloride (450 μg/g) to the sugar syrup. Bees were sampled from each group before (day 0), and after tetracycline exposure (days 3, 6, and 9). Abdominal contents dissected out of each bee underwent DNA extraction and 16S rRNA sequencing (V3-V4) on an Illumina MiSeq. Sequences were filtered and processed through QIIME2 and DADA2. Microbial community composition and diversity and differentially abundant taxa were evaluated by treatment and time. Bee gut microbial composition (Jaccard) and diversity (Shannon) differed significantly and increasingly over time and between CON and TET groups. Tetracycline exposure was associated with decreased relative abundances of Bombella and Fructobacillus, along with decreases in key core microbiota such as Snodgrassella, Gilliamella, Rhizobiaceae, and Apibacter. These microbes are critical for nutrient metabolism and pathogen defense, and it is possible that decreased abundances of these microbes could negatively affect bee health. Considering the global ecological and economic importance of honey bees as pollinators, it is critical to understand the effects of agrochemicals including antimicrobials on honey bees.

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