Laparoscopic treatment of benign ureteral strictures imparted excellent outcomes without major complications with the advantage of the minimally invasive technique.

Penile strangulation is a challenging clinical situation and usually requires prompt treatment. Penile strangulation by a nonmetallic or thin metallic ring is easily overcome by severing/cutting the object; however, a heavy and long metal ring causing penile strangulation is not only difficult to sever but also it may worsen the scenario if removal is tried with inappropriate method. Here, we report four cases of penile strangulation by different objects which were successfully removed by aspiration and string method. We found that instead of using heavy cutting instruments and other surgical methods, string and aspiration technique is much better.

The results of this study indicate that LNU for a tuberculous nonfunctioning kidney is a safe, effective, and less invasive treatment modality. Comparing our results with those of nephroureterectomy for other, benign diseases shows that the procedure has similar safety and efficacy even for tuberculous kidneys. Tuberculosis should not be considered a contraindication for a laparoscopic approach. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy should be offered as the treatment modality of choice to all patients with tuberculous nonfunctioning kidney whose disease involves the kidney and ureters.

Introduction: Relationship between human papillomavirus infection and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is not clear in the Indian population. The present study evaluated human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor in the development of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Methods: Patients between the age group of 18 and 50 years, diagnosed with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (Cases) or sexually active asymptomatic men with primary infertility (Controls), were recruited. Recording of the personal and/or family history and National Institute of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index scoring (pain score, urinary score, and quality-of-life score) was done in all prostatitis patients. Seminal fluids of all study patients were evaluated for genomic sequences of human papillomavirus including oncogenic subtypes human papillomavirus-16 and -18. Results: Study participants were divided in cases (n = 50) and controls (n = 50). The mean age of cases and controls were 30.72 and 32.48 years, respectively. Among the cases, the mean duration of symptoms was 9.98 months and mean total National Institute of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index scoring score and mean International Prostate Symptom Score were 20.52 and 5.8, respectively. Among cases, 26 (52%) were found positive for human papillomavirus infection compared to only 6 (12%) in control group (risk ratio = 0.43; 95% confidence interval = 0.3–0.62; p < 0.001). Infection with human papillomavirus-16 subtype was significantly associated with patients from cases group (χ2 = 4.17; risk ratio (confidence interval) (0.39–0.59); p = 0.041). Oncogenic human papillomavirus-18 subtype was not found in any of the group. Conclusion: These observations indicate that infection with human papillomavirus (HPV-16 subtype) can be considered as a risk factor for the development of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in Indian males under the age of 50 years.

Objective: Purpose of our study was to aggregate and analyse rare cases of Ectopic Ureter (EU), their association with other anomalies, clinical features, diagnosis and management. Material and methods:A total of nine patients with rare presentation of EU were evaluated. Combination of endoscopic and imaging modalities was used as required to define the anatomy and devise the best surgical approach in these cases.Results: Among six females and three males with EU, four cases had bilateral EU, four unilateral EU and one case had EU of a solitary kidney. Urinary incontinence was encountered in five cases including one male patient whilst other cases presented with varied clinical features and associated anomalies. Two patients had anorectal malformations, and two had uterine anomalies in the form of bicornuate uterus. Other patients had multiple rare associations such as triplication of ureter, bilateral absence of seminal vesicles with infertility, multicystic dysplastic kidney, ureter draining in uterus, renal failure, absence of bladder trigone, and hypospadias etc. Ureteric reimplantation was performed in four cases, two required ureteroureterostomy, another two had undergone upper pole nephrectomy and in one case renal transplant had been carried out owing to chronic renal failure.Conclusion: EU is among group of those congenital entities which remain shrouded until adulthood, when symptoms become distressing. Fortunately, prognosis is favourable after surgical correction, in spite of its rarity. Complexity arises when other associated anomalies are identified.