An attempt has been made in this study to estimate the costs and returns in milk production and to analyze resource use efficiency in milk production in Dharwad district. Multistage sampling procedure was followed for selection of 120 sample Dairy farmers. The data pertained to the agricultural year 2014-15. Budgeting technique and Functional Analysis (Cobb-Douglas production function) were used to analyze the data. The total cost was Rs. 42342.85.The gross return obtained per animal per year was Rs. 52875.00 in which the sale of milk contributed the maximum share, the B:C ratio obtained was 1.25. The net returns per animal per year were Rs. 10532.15.The regression coefficients of all the resources used in milk production were positive except grains (-0.113). In this production function the regression coefficients of concentrates and green fodder were found to be statistically significant at 5 per cent level of significance and for other resources like grains and dry fodder they were found to be non-significant. The coefficient of multiple determination (R²) was 0.802 indicating good fit of the model. The returns to scale (0.818) were found to be decreasing. The MVP to MFC ratio indicated that the ratio was greater than unity for concentrates and green fodder. Ratio was less than unity and negative in grain cost (-1.21). And also in case of dry fodder the ratio was found to be less than unity (0.17). Thus, the results of the study brings that, the net returns in milk production can be increased by reducing the cost of inputs and farmers are advised to use of these resource optimally in production of milk.

:The study was conducted to know the resource use efficiency and resource use pattern in Soybean cultivation in Dharwad district of Karnataka. In Dharwad district 2 villages were selected randomly such as, Kavalageri and Narendra. From each village, 15 respondents growing Soybean were selected thus making a total sample of 30. Multistage sampling procedure was followed for selection of 30 Soybean growing farmers. Production function techniques were used to analyze the data. To estimate the resources use efficiency Cobb-Douglas production function was employed and Allocative efficiency = MVP/MFC. In order to determine the efficiency of allocation of the resources or price efficiency. The analysis of input utilization clearly indicates that the labour utilization was more. With respect yield obtained in study area was 21.24 quintal of main product and 15.07 tones of by product. The regression co-efficient of fertilizer (0.27) and bullock labour (0.05) are significant hence, it indicating increase in the use of these resources over and above the present level lead to a significant increase in gross returns.Whereas, the resources in study area was over utilized but are still in the rational region of production except hence there is need of optimal use of resources.

The present study attempted to study the socioeconomic profile of the sample dairy farmers and to document the problems faced by the members of milk producers cooperative societies in production and marketing of milk in Dharwad district. Multistage sampling procedure was followed for selection of 120 sample Dairy farmers. The data pertained to the agricultural year 2014-15. Tabular analysis and Garrett ranking technique were used to analyze the data. The socioeconomic profile of the sample dairy farmers with respect to age, education, family size, type of family, occupation, experience in dairy farming and land holdings was studied. The results revealed that, majority of the farmers belonged to middle age group in the study area, it is observed that of the sample farmers 35 farmers belonged to small dairy farmers category, 55 belonged to medium category and 30 belonged to large category. Further, it is also observed that in the selected sample dairy farmers, majority of the farmers were educated, 24.17 per cent of the farmers had small land holding and semi medium land holding. It is observed that 69.17 per cent had medium experience in dairy farming and it can also be seen that 15.83 per cent of the farmers had dairy as a main occupation.High cost of cattle feeds and lack of good quality concentrates, non-availability of emergency veterinary services and artificial insemination facilities, high cost of crossbreed cattles, non-availability of improved breeds for milching, lack of grazing land and lack of technical know-how were the major problems faced by the dairy farmers in milk production. Low price, delayed payment, improper grading and malpractices in measurement of milk were the major problems faced by the dairy farmers in marketing of milk.Thus, the results of the study brings to focus that, the concerned agencies, development departments and others should focus more on dairy farmers by providing required facilities and other necessary help in effective running of dairy farming. How to cite this article : Gadad, Priyadarshini C. and Kunnal, L.B. (2018). Socioeconomic profile and constraints faced by the members of milk producers cooperative societies in production and marketing of milk in Dharwad district of Karnataka-an analysis.

dairy farmers from milk producers co-operative societies and to analyse the pattern of milk marketing by the members to the milk producers co-operative societies.Multistage sampling procedure was followed for selection of 120 sample Dairy farmers. The data pertained to the agricultural year 2014-15. Tabular analysis was used to analyze the data. The input supply services like feed, fodder, veterinary services, loan facilities and milk cans were analysed in terms average quantity of procurement and frequency of procurement. The average quantity of feed purchased by a member from the society was 485 kg per annum,the average quantity of fodder purchased by a member was four quintals per annum. The society could extend veterinary services to the needy 25 members. The loan facilities of the MPCS were availed by 24 members. The number of dairy farmers opting to purchase inputs from other agencies other than MPCS was less. As per the opinion of members of societies, it was observed that the performance of the society was better. The members in the study area were highly satisfied regarding the supply of inputs (76.67 %). Training to members and accessibility to market news to the members were poor in the whole study area. The pattern of sale of fluid milk by the sample dairy farmers to the different agencies showed that all the 120 sample farmers sold the milk to the dairy co-operative society. Apart from selling to MPCS, 26 sample farmers sold milk to the local consumers and six members to the sweet shops and hotels. Thus, the results of the study brings to focus that, the concerned agencies, development departments and others should focus more on sample dairy farmers by providing required facilities and other necessary help in effective running of dairy farming.How to cite this article : Gadad, Priyadarshini C. and Kunnal, L.B. (2018). Pattern of input services procurement and milk marketing by the dairy farmers from MPCS and other agencies in Dharwad district of Karnataka-an analysis. Agric. Update, 13(2): 217-222;

Financial inclusion is a process of ensuring access to financial services and to provide timely and adequate credit needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low income groups a tan affordable cost. The paper highlights the basic features of financial inclusion, its approaches, issues, challenges and its need for socioeconomic development of the society. Rural India presents a remarkable opportunity for bankers and financial institutions to seek their fortunes and bring prosperity to the aspiring poor through financial inclusion. But to achieve this, the government should provide a less perspective environment in which banks are free to pursue the innovations necessary to reach low income consumers and still make a profit. Financial service providers should learn more about the consumers and new business models to reach them. A holistic approach on the part of the banks in creating awareness about financial products, education and advice on money management, debt counselling, savings and affordable credit would be required. Moreover, there is a need of cost-effective manner of forging linkages with microfinance institutions and local communities. Technology can be a very valuable tool in providing access to banking products in remote areas.Therefore, financial inclusion has the potential and is a great step to alleviate poverty in India from its roots.